Physiology, Growth and Development of Plants in Culture

by P.J. Lumsden (Editor), J.R. Nicholas (Editor), W.J. Davies (Editor)

Overview

Over recent years, progress in micropropagation has not been as rapid as many expected and, even now, relatively few crops are produced commercially. One reason for this is that the biology of material growing in vitro has been insufficiently understood for modifications to standard methods to be made based on sound physiological principles. However, during the past decade, tissue culture companies and others have invested considerable effort to reduce the empirical nature of the production process. The idea of the conference ‘Physiology, Growth and Development of Plants and Cells in Culture' (Lancaster, 1992) was to introduce specialists in different areas of plant physiology to micropropagators, with the express aims of disseminating as wide a range of information to as large a number of participants as possible, and beginning new discussions on the constraints and potentials affecting the development of in vitro plant production methods.
This book is based on presentations from the conference and has been divided into two main sections, dealing with either aspects of the in vitro environment — light, nutrients, water, gas — or with applied aspects of the culture process — morphogenesis, acclimation, rejuvenation, contamination.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9789401043397
Publisher:	Springer Netherlands
Publication date:	11/22/2012
Edition description:	Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1994
Pages:	427
Product dimensions:	6.30(w) x 9.45(h) x 0.04(d)

Table of Contents

1. The in vitro environment.- Environmental constraints to photosynthesis in ex vitro plants.- Photomorphogenesis and plant development.- Effect of the light environment on photosynthesis and growth in vitro.- Nutrient supply and plant growth.- Nutrient supply and growth of plants in culture.- Effect of plant density and macronutrient nutrition on Iris shoot cultures.- Growth and mineral nutrition in micropropagated delphinium during a subculture interval.- Effect of nitrogen sources and initial pH of the media with or without buffer on in vitro rooting of jackfruit (Ararpus heterophyllus Lam.).- Carbon compounds and their influence on in vitro growth and organogenesis.- The effect of carbohydrate source and pH on in vitro growth of Vitis vinifera cultivars Black Hamburg and Alvarino.- Evidence for the interactive involvement of carbohydrates in the control of differentiation of in vitro explants.- Factors affecting cell expansion; hydroponic roots as a model system.- Some aspects of stomatal physiology relevant to plants cultured in vitro.- Effects of low light intensity and high air humidity on morphology and permeability of plant cuticles, with special respect to plants cultured in vitro.- Vitrification in relation to stomatal deformation and malfunction in carnation leaves in vitro.- Control of water loss by delphinium plants cultured in vitro.- Components of the gaseous environment and their effects on plant growth and development in vitro.- Measuring shortcomings in tissue culture aeration and their consequences for explant development.- The influence of the gas permeability of the vessel lid and growth-room light intensity on the characteristics of Dianthus microplants in vitro and ex vitrum.- Effect of light intensity and aeration during in vitro growth (stage III of micropropagation) of banana plants (Musa AAA cv. Petite Naine).- Ethylene and anther culture.- Leaf abscission in micropropagated sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.).- 2. Applications.- Surfactant stimulation of growth in cultured plant cells, tissues and organs.- Micropropagation of Narcissus.- Effect of explant stem length on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) microtuber formation invitro.- Production of potato microtubers with and without growth regulators.- In vitro adventitious shoot production of Beta vulgaris and Beta maritima.- Factors influencing the regeneration of Solanum papita.- Somatic embryogenesis in guava (Psidium guajava L.).- Micropropagation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) - in vitro system and its practical applications.- Uptake of 2,4-D in coconut (Cocos nucifera) explants.- Peroxidase activity and endogenous free auxin during adventitious root formation.- Stimulation of rooting in vitro: effects of inhibitors of abscisic acid synthesis.- Rooting and acclimatization of chestnut by in vitro propagation.- Acclimatization of micropropagated roses in multi-layer-cells: effect of different stage III conditions and CO2 enrichment.- Stage III techniques for improving water relations and autotrophy in micropropagated plants.- Physiological change and apparent rejuvenation of temperate fruit trees from micropropagation.- Propagation and physiological improvement of mature wild cherry (Prunus avium L.) and common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) by tissue culture.- Evidence for epigenetic inheritance of ontogenetic phase and tissue origin characteristics in the performance of plants derived through adventitious shoots.- Juvenility in micropropagated strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Duch).- Flowering abundance of strawberry depending on the number of subcultures in vitro: Relationship with growth, rooting and peroxidase activity.- Dealing with microbial contaminants in plant tissue and cell culture: hazard analysis and critical control points.- Latent bacterial infections: epiphytes and endophytes as contaminants of miropropagated plants.- Fungal contaminants of Primula, Coffea, Musa and Iris tissue cultures.- Activity of antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus against common fungal contaminants of plant tissue cultures.- Conclusions.- Physiology, growth and development of plants and cells in culture - the way ahead.