Table of Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Techniques for Studying and Test-Taking xix
Chapter 1 Introduction to Pipefitting 1
History of Pipes 2
Pipe Technology 4
Review Questions 5
Answers to Review Questions 6
Chapter 2 Metal Pipe Standards and Identification 7
Classification of Pipe 8
Pipe Schedule Numbers and Weights 10
Pipe Lengths 15
Steel Pipe Coatings 15
Pipe End Finish 15
Pipe Identification 17
Galvanized Pipe 17
Black Pipe 17
Cast Iron Pipe 19
Brass Pipe 20
Lead Pipe 20
Electrical Grounding 20
Review Questions 22
Answers to Review Questions 24
Chapter 3 Plastic Pipe Standards and Identification 25
Plastic Pipe 26
Working with Soft Plastic Tubing 33
Applications of Plastic Pipe 34
Resistance to Chemical Corrosion 35
PEX Tubing 35
Review Questions 38
Answers to Review Questions 41
Chapter 4 Soldering and Brazing Nonferrous Pipe And Tubing 43
Soldering and Brazing 44
Alloys for Brazing Solders 46
Review Questions 47
Answers to Review Questions 48
Chapter 5 Working with Iron, Clay, and Fibrous Pipe 49
Working with Cast Iron Pipe 50
Working with Clay and Fiber Pipes 54
Working with Galvanized Steel Pipe 55
Review Questions 57
Answers to Review Questions 58
Chapter 6 Valves 59
Check Valves 60
Globe Valves 60
Angle Valves 63
Gate Valves 63
Ball Valves 64
Saddle Valves 64
Sillcock 65
Pinch Valve 65
Diaphragm Valve 66
Butterfly Valves 67
Plug Valve 67
Relief and Safety Valves 68
Review Questions 69
Answers to Review Questions 70
Chapter 7 Pipe Manufacturing Methods 71
Copper Pipe Manufacturing Methods 72
Steel Pipe Manufacturing Methods 74
Review Questions 77
Answers to Review Questions 79
Chapter 8 Pipe Fittings and Flanges 81
Purpose of Fittings 84
Fittings 84
Flanges 91
Flange Identification Markings 93
Flange Gaskets 93
Flange Bolting 94
Review Questions 96
Answers to Review Questions 98
Chapter 9 Pipe Systems and Repair 99
Piping System Identification 100
Methods of Identification 101
Repairing Low-Pressure Pipe Damage 101
Permanent Pipe Repairs 106
Review Questions 111
Answers to Review Questions 112
Chapter 10 Rigging 113
Rope 115
Design Factors for Rope 115
Hitches and Knots 116
Wire Rope 120
Anchor, Chain, and Bow Shackles 120
Shackle Strength 122
Overhead Lifting Hooks 123
Eye Bolts 123
Beams 125
Sheaves 126
Snatch Blocks 127
Block and Tackle 127
Slings 128
Crane and Hoist 131
Review Questions 133
Answers to Review Questions 136
Chapter 11 Pipe Offsets 137
Calculating Pipe Offsets 138
Fitting Allowance 139
Parallel and Multiple Offsets 141
Calculating Spread Allowances 141
Maintaining Spread with a 90-Degree Turn 142
Rolling Offsets 142
Review Questions 145
Answers to Review Questions 147
Chapter 12 Reading Welding Blueprints 149
Welding Joints 150
Types of Welds 151
Symbols for Welds 153
Review Questions 158
Answers to Review Questions 160
Chapter 13 Reading Piping Prints 161
Piping Prints and Diagrams 162
Schematic Diagram 162
Flow Diagram 162
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram 162
Isometric Drawing 164
Orthographic Projection 165
Sectionals and Elevations 165
Pipe Spools 167
Bill of Materials 167
Review Questions 171
Answers to Review Questions 172
Chapter 14 Oxyacetylene Welding 173
Welding Safety 175
Equipment 178
Equipment Setup 184
Welding Methods 187
Troubleshooting 188
Review Questions 192
Answers to Review Questions 194
Chapter 15 Shielded-Metal-Arc Welding 195
Principles of Operation 197
Power Source 198
Review Questions 200
Answers to Review Questions 203
Chapter 16 Gas Metal Arc Welding and Flux-Cored Arc Welding 205
Advantages of the Flux-Cored Arc Welding Process 207
Review Questions 209
Answers to Review Questions 212
Chapter 17 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding and Plasma Arc Cutting 213
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding 214
Spot Welding 214
Plasma Arc Cutting 215
Review Questions 217
Answers to Review Questions 219
Chapter 18 Submerged-Arc Welding 221
Submerged-Arc-Welding Equipment 224
Welding Current 224
Fluxes and Electrodes 225
Joint Preparation 226
Special Submerged-Arc-Welding Processes 227
Sub merged-Arc-Welding Applications 228
Review Questions 229
Answers to Review Questions 230
Glossary 231
Appendix 1 The Pipefitter 241
Appendix 2 Useful Bank Data 245
Index 253