Table of Contents
Get More (Free) Content x
Part 1 Using This Book to Improve Your AP Score 1
Preview Activity: Your Knowledge, Your Expectations 2
Your Guide to Using This Book 2
How to Begin 3
Part II Practice Test 1 7
Practice Test 1 9
Practice Test 1: Diagnostic Answer Key and Explanations 35
Part III About the AP Chemistry Exam 49
The Structure of the AP Chemistry Exam 50
Overview of Content Topics 50
How AP Exams Are Used 51
Other Resources 51
Designing Your Study Plan 52
Part IV Test-Taking Strategies for the AP Chemistry Exam 53
1 How to Approach Multiple-Choice Questions 55
2 How to Approach Free-Response Questions 59
Part V Content Review for the AP Chemistry Exam 63
Unit 1 Atomic Structure and Properties 65
The Periodic Table 66
Moles 68
Coulomb's Law 72
Photoelectron Spectroscopy 73
Configuration Rules 75
Predicting Ionic Charges 76
Periodic Trends 77
Unit 1 Questions 81
Unit 1 Answers and Explanations 88
Unit 2 Molecular and Ionic Compound Structure and Properties 93
Bonds Overview 94
Ionic Bonds 94
Metallic Bonds 95
Molecular Covalent Bonding 95
Conductivity 97
Lewis Dot Structures 98
Unit 2 Questions 106
Unit 2 Answers and Explanations 110
Unit 3 Intermodular Forces and Properties 113
Polarity 114
Intermolecular Forces 115
Vapor Pressure 118
Solution Separation 119
Kinetic Molecular Theory 122
Maxwell-Boltzmann Diagrams 123
Effusion 124
The Ideal Gas Equation 125
Dalton's Law 126
Deviations from Ideal Behavior 126
Density 127
Electromagnetic Spectrum 128
Beer's Law 130
Unit 3 Questions 131
Unit 3 Answers and Explanations 143
Unit 4 Chemical Reactions 155
Types of Reactions 156
Chemical Equations 158
Gravimetric Analysis 162
Oxidation States 163
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 164
Acids and Bases 166
Unit 4 Questions 167
Unit 4 Answers and Explanations 175
Unit 5 Kinetics 183
Rate Law Using Initial Concentrations 184
Rate Law Using Concentration and Time 186
Collision Theory 190
Reaction Mechanisms 193
Catalysts 195
Unit 5 Questions 196
Unit 5 Answers and Explanations 207
Unit 6 Thermodynamics 215
Heat and Temperature 216
Enthalpy 216
Energy Diagrams 217
Catalysts and Energy Diagrams 218
Enthalpy of Formation, ΔH°f 219
Bond Energy 221
Hess's Law 221
Enthalpy of Solution 222
Thermodynamics of Phase Change 224
Calorimetry 225
Heating Curves 227
Unit 6 Questions 229
Unit 6 Answers and Explanations 233
Unit 7 Equilibrium 237
The Equilibrium Constant, Keq 238
Le Châtelier's Principle 242
Changes in the Equilibrium Constant 244
The Reaction Quotient, Q 244
Solubility 246
Unit 7 Questions 249
Unit 7 Answers and Explanations 257
Unit 8 Acids and Bases 265
pH 266
Acid Strengths 267
Neutralization Reactions 275
Buffers 276
Indicators 278
Titration 278
Unit 8 Questions 280
Unit 8 Answers and Explanations 286
Unit 9 Applications of Thermodynamics 293
Entropy 294
Gibbs Free Energy 295
Galvanic Cells 299
Electrolytic Ceils 301
Voltage and Favorabiiity 303
Unit 9 Questions 304
Unit 9 Answer and Explanations 313
Laboratory Overview 321
Safety 322
Accuracy 322
Significant Figures 322
Experimental Design 324
Laboratory Equipment 326
Part VI Practice Tests 2 and 3 331
Practice Test 2 333
Practice Test 2: Answers and Explanations 359
Practice Test 3 375
Practice Test 3: Answers and Explanations 401
Practice Test A online
Practice Test A: Answers and Explanations online