Table of Contents
Contributors vii
Preface ix
Scope of Practice of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 1
Introduction 1
History and Evolution of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 2
Origins of the Psychiatric-Mental Health Advanced Practice Nursing Role 5
Current Issues and Trends 7
Prevalence of Mental Disorders across the Lifespan: Critical Facts 8
Substance Abuse Disorders: Prevalence and Comorbidities 9
Children and Older Adults 10
Disparities in Mental Health Treatment 10
Opportunities to Partner with Consumers for Recovery and Wellness 11
Structure of a Person-Centered, Recovery-Oriented Public Health Care Model: Unifying Efforts 12
Prevention: The Promise of Building Resiliency 12
Screening and Early Intervention 13
Integrated Care 14
Technology of a Public Health Model of Mental Health Care 15
Emerging Models of Acute Care 15
Workforce Requirements for a Public Health Model of Mental Health Care 16
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Leadership in Transforming the Mental Health System 18
Definition of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 18
Phenomena of Concern for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses 21
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Clinical Practice Settings 22
Crisis Intervention and Psychiatric Emergency Services 22
Acute Inpatient Care 23
Intermediate and Long-Term Care 23
Partial Hospitalization and Intensive Outpatient Treatment 23
Residential Services 23
Community-Based Care 24
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) 24
Levels of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Practice 24
Psychiatric-Mental Health Registered Nurse (PMH-RN) 25
Psychiatric-Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (PMH-APRN) 27
Consensus Model: LACE (Licensure, Accreditation, Certification and Education) and APRN Roles 28
Primary Care 30
Psychotherapy 31
Psychopharmacological Interventions 32
Case Management 32
Program, System, and Policy Development and Management 33
Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Nursing (PCLN) 33
Clinical Supervision 34
Administration, Education, and Research Practice 35
Self-Employment 35
Other Specialized Areas of Practice 36
Integrative Programs 36
Telehealth 37
Forensic Mental Health 37
Disaster Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 37
Ethical Issues in Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 38
Respect for the Individual 38
Commitment to the Healthcare Consumer 39
Advocacy for the Healthcare Consumer 39
Responsibility and Accountability for Practice 40
Duties to Self and Others 41
Contributions to Healthcare Environments 41
Advancement of the Nursing Profession 42
Collaboration to Meet Health Needs 42
Promotion of the Nursing Profession 42
Standards of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Practice 43
Standards of Practice for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 44
Standard 1 Assessment 44
Standard 2 Diagnosis 46
Standard 3 Outcomes Identification 48
Standard 4 Planning 50
Standard 5 Implementation 52
Standard 5A Coordination of Care 54
Standard 5B Health Teaching and Health Promotion 55
Standard 5C Consultation 57
Standard 5D Prescriptive Authority and Treatment 58
Standard 5E Pharmacological, Biological, and Integrative Therapies 59
Standard 5F Milieu Therapy 60
Standard 5G Therapeutic Relationship and Counseling 62
Standard 5H Psychotherapy 63
Standard 6 Evaluation 65
Standards of Professional Performance for Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing 67
Standard 7 Ethics 67
Standard 8 Education 69
Standard 9 Evidence-Based Practice and Research 71
Standard 10 Quality of Practice 73
Standard 11 Communication 75
Standard 12 Leadership 76
Standard 13 Collaboration 78
Standard 14 Professional Practice Evaluation 80
Standard 15 Resource Utilization 82
Standard 16 Environmental Health 84
Glossary 87
References 93
Abbreviations 107
Appendix A Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (2007) 109
Index 171
