Pursuit of an "Unparalleled Opportunity": The American YMCA and Prisoner-of-War Diplomacy Among the Central Power Nations During World War I, 1914-1923
Durgaing World War I, over six million men became prisoners-of-war, a burden that overwhelmed the resources of the belligerent powers, which had a responsibility to care for these men. Becoming aware of the POWs plight, the American YMCA was determined to provide welfare relief to these prisoners, and in early 1915, the Association sent two representatives to negotiate access to military prison camps in England, France, and Germany.

Archibald Harte convinced the German government that the YMCA's assistance would benefit German POWs in Allied prison camps as well as Allied prisoners incarcerated in Germany. The Germans agreed to Harte's terms on the condition that the British, French, and Russians accept similar arrangements for prisoners under their care. This began a process of reciprocity that would yield the Association POW access agreements with the governments of Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania.

After the Armistice was signed in 1918, the YMCA facilitated the return of Allied prisoners to their home countries and continued to provide relief to Russian POWs stranded in German prisons. The wartime activities of the YMCA have largely "fallen between the cracks" of history, and scant attention has been paid to the role of non-governmental organizations in contributing to American neutrality and foreign policymaking during World War I. Pursuit of an Unparalleled Opportunity addresses this lacuna with a remarkable study of the social, spiritual, and physical relief offered to POWs by these dedicated, apolitical groups.
"1130545040"
Pursuit of an "Unparalleled Opportunity": The American YMCA and Prisoner-of-War Diplomacy Among the Central Power Nations During World War I, 1914-1923
Durgaing World War I, over six million men became prisoners-of-war, a burden that overwhelmed the resources of the belligerent powers, which had a responsibility to care for these men. Becoming aware of the POWs plight, the American YMCA was determined to provide welfare relief to these prisoners, and in early 1915, the Association sent two representatives to negotiate access to military prison camps in England, France, and Germany.

Archibald Harte convinced the German government that the YMCA's assistance would benefit German POWs in Allied prison camps as well as Allied prisoners incarcerated in Germany. The Germans agreed to Harte's terms on the condition that the British, French, and Russians accept similar arrangements for prisoners under their care. This began a process of reciprocity that would yield the Association POW access agreements with the governments of Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania.

After the Armistice was signed in 1918, the YMCA facilitated the return of Allied prisoners to their home countries and continued to provide relief to Russian POWs stranded in German prisons. The wartime activities of the YMCA have largely "fallen between the cracks" of history, and scant attention has been paid to the role of non-governmental organizations in contributing to American neutrality and foreign policymaking during World War I. Pursuit of an Unparalleled Opportunity addresses this lacuna with a remarkable study of the social, spiritual, and physical relief offered to POWs by these dedicated, apolitical groups.
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Pursuit of an

Pursuit of an "Unparalleled Opportunity": The American YMCA and Prisoner-of-War Diplomacy Among the Central Power Nations During World War I, 1914-1923

by Kenneth Steuer
Pursuit of an

Pursuit of an "Unparalleled Opportunity": The American YMCA and Prisoner-of-War Diplomacy Among the Central Power Nations During World War I, 1914-1923

by Kenneth Steuer

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Overview

Durgaing World War I, over six million men became prisoners-of-war, a burden that overwhelmed the resources of the belligerent powers, which had a responsibility to care for these men. Becoming aware of the POWs plight, the American YMCA was determined to provide welfare relief to these prisoners, and in early 1915, the Association sent two representatives to negotiate access to military prison camps in England, France, and Germany.

Archibald Harte convinced the German government that the YMCA's assistance would benefit German POWs in Allied prison camps as well as Allied prisoners incarcerated in Germany. The Germans agreed to Harte's terms on the condition that the British, French, and Russians accept similar arrangements for prisoners under their care. This began a process of reciprocity that would yield the Association POW access agreements with the governments of Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania.

After the Armistice was signed in 1918, the YMCA facilitated the return of Allied prisoners to their home countries and continued to provide relief to Russian POWs stranded in German prisons. The wartime activities of the YMCA have largely "fallen between the cracks" of history, and scant attention has been paid to the role of non-governmental organizations in contributing to American neutrality and foreign policymaking during World War I. Pursuit of an Unparalleled Opportunity addresses this lacuna with a remarkable study of the social, spiritual, and physical relief offered to POWs by these dedicated, apolitical groups.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780231130288
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Publication date: 07/01/2009
Series: Gutenberg-e
Pages: 452
Product dimensions: 1.13(w) x 9.00(h) x 6.00(d)
Age Range: 18 Years

About the Author

Kenneth A. Steuer is an adjunct associate professor of history at Western Michigan University. He holds graduate degrees in history, political science, and international affairs and his research interests focus on the role of non-governmental and international organizations and the formation of foreign policy during World War I and the early interwar years.
Kenneth Steur holds a Ph.D. in History from the University of Minnesota.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments ix

Introduction 1

1 "Evangelizing the World in a Generation" 7

2 "An Unparalleled Opportunity for Service" 32

3 The U.S. Government and Prisoner-of-War Responsibilities 41

4 "For the Millions of Men Now Under Arms" 64

5 Association POW Diplomacy Extends to Eastern and Southern Europe 89

6 "In Prison, Ye Visited Me" 112

7 Coordinating War Prisoner Relief 146

8 Instituting the Association's Four-fold Program in Prison Camps 163

9 The American YMCA and WPA Operations in Austria-Hungary 195

10 Successful World's Alliance POW Diplomacy 221

11 Expanding WPA Relief Work 232

12 The United States Enters the War 247

13 Filling the Breach 261

14 The American YMCA and U.S. Prisoners-of-War in Germany 281

15 The American YMCA and Allied Prisoner Relief in the Ottoman Empire 291

16 The Armistice and Restoration of American YMCA WPA Service in Central Europe 317

17 Post-War WPA Operations 338

18 Countering the Bolshevik Threat 352

19 Conclusion 375

Annotated Primary Source Bibliography 393

Bibliography 397

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