Raising and Educating a Deaf Child

by Marc Marschark

Overview

This book offers a readable, comprehensive summary including everything a parent or teacher would want to know about growing up deaf. Marschark studies topics ranging from what it means to be deaf and the uniqueness of Deaf culture to the medical causes of early hearing loss; from technological aids for the deaf to the many ways that the environment of home and school can influence a deaf child's chances for success in both academic and social circles. He makes sense of the most current educational and scientific literature, and also talks to deaf children, their parents, and deaf adults about what is important to them. This is not a "how to" book or one with all the "right" answers for raising a deaf child; rather, it is a guide through the conflicting suggestions and programs for raising deaf children, as well as the likely implications of taking one direction or the other.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780198025481
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	12/10/1998
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
File size:	1 MB

About the Author

Marc Marschark is Director of the Center for Research, Teaching, and Learning at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf, a college of Rochester Institute of Technology. A professor and research psychologist, his books include Relations of Language and Thought: The view from sign language and deaf children (1997), Psychological Development of Deaf Children (1993) and Psychological Perspectives on Deafness (1993).

Table of Contents

Foreword     vii
A Deaf Child in the Family     3
A View From Within     7
Big D and Little d     8
Hearing Loss Versus Hearing Impairment     10
Sign Language     12
A Deaf Child in the Family     12
The Importance of Language     14
Growing Up Deaf: Differences Versus Deficiencies     17
Family Adjustment to Early Childhood Hearing Loss     19
Early Intervention     21
Final Comments     23
Practical Aspects of Being Deaf     26
In the Lands of the Deaf     27
Describing the Deaf Population     28
Causes and Consequences of Early Hearing Loss     29
Mechanisms of Hearing     30
Mechanisms of Hearing Loss     32
Degrees of Hearing Loss     34
Causes of Hearing Loss     35
Deaf Children With Other Needs     36
Early Identification of Hearing Losses     38
Identifying Hearing Loss Early     39
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening Challenges     40
Hearing Aids and Related Technology     41
Hearing Aids     42
Loop, Infrared, and FM Systems     43
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Cochlear Implants     44
How Implants Work     44
A Brief History of Cochlear Implant Technology     47
Who Benefits From Cochlear Implants?     49
Long-Term Effects of Cochlear Implants     52
Technological Tools for Deaf People     56
TTYs and Pagers     56
Relay Services and Webcams     57
Captioning     59
Final Comments     60
Communicating With Deaf Children     63
Availability of Sign Language for Deaf Children     65
About Signed Languages     67
A Brief History of American Sign Language     71
Components of Signs and Signed Languages     73
Alternative Forms of Sign Communication     80
Pidgin Signed English and Contact Sign     81
Signed English     81
Seeing Essential English (SEE1)     82
Signing Exact English (SEE2)     82
Spoken Language     83
Speech Training and Speech Assessment     84
Oral Methods     86
Cued Speech     88
Final Comments     90
Early Interactions: The Roots of Childhood     92
Origins of Social Relations     93
Early Interactions Have Far-Reaching Effects     94
Accepting Childhood Deafness     97
The Show Must Go On     99
Attachment: Mother and Child Reunion     101
Looking Beyond the Earliest Relationships     103
The Importance of Play     106
Final Comments     207
Language Development     109
Do Deaf Babies Babble?     110
Vocal Babbling by Deaf Infants     111
Manual Babbling?     113
Gestures and Signs     114
First Signs, First Words     115
Growing Vocabularies     117
Learning to Fingerspell     121
Does Learning to Sign Affect Learning to Speak?     122
Does Signing Remove a Deaf Child's Motivation to Speak?     123
How Can Deaf Children Function in Society If They Cannot Speak?     124
How Does Not Being Able to Speak Affect Learning in School?     124
Signs and Words in the Same Child     126
Putting It All Together     127
Learning to Use Sign Efficiently     130
Deaf Children's Exposure to Social Language     132
Final Comments     134
Going to School      137
Educating Deaf Children     138
Legal Issues Confronting the Education of Deaf Children     139
Educational Program Alternatives     242
Preschool Programs     143
Schools for the Deaf, Residential Schools, and Separate School Programs     144
Public School Mainstreaming and Inclusion     146
Bilingual Programs     147
Postsecondary Education for Deaf Students     148
Academic Support Services     149
Interpreting     150
Note Taking     152
Real-Time Text     153
Other Support Considerations     153
Educational Implications of Alternative School Placements     155
Psychological Implications of Alternative School Placements     157
Final Comments     159
Learning to Read and Write     162
What Is Reading?     165
What Makes Some Deaf Children (but Not Others) Good Readers?     168
Deaf Children of Deaf Parents     169
Phonological Knowledge and Spelling     172
Vocabulary Knowledge and Knowledge of the World     174
Understanding Grammar     175
Thinking About Reading     176
Deaf Children's Writing      177
The Impact of Social and Emotional Factors on Literacy     180
Final Comments     180
Intelligence, Academic Achievement, and Creativity     183
Understanding Intelligence     185
Language, Thought, and Intelligence     187
Confounding Factors in Intelligence     190
The Language Issue     190
Physiological and Psychological Contributions     191
Understanding Other Minds     193
Striving for Success     195
Measuring Academic Achievement     197
Creativity and Flexibility     199
What Is Creativity?     199
Nonverbal Creativity of Deaf Children     200
Verbal Creativity of Deaf Children     201
Do Deaf Children Have Special Visual Skills?     203
Final Comments     204
Deaf Children to Deaf Adults     206
Personality and Emotional Growth During the School Years     208
Living With Parents, Peers, and Siblings     211
Interactions With Peers     213
Influences of Brothers and Sisters     215
Understanding the Feelings and Values of Others     217
Mental Health     218
Are Deaf Children Impulsive?      222
Learning Disability     224
Final Comments     227
Where Do We Go From Here?     229
Being a Parent of a Deaf Child     231
Notes     235
References     243
Index     257

Editorial Reviews

"Raising and Educating a Deaf Child will equip families...with the knowledge, understanding, and armor to face the many responsibilities that await them. Never before has there been such a comprehensive guide to raising a deaf or hard of hearing child."—Sandy Harvey, Executive Director, American Society for Deaf Children

"Marschark has written a comprehensive, readable, and entertaining book; and many parents, particularly hearing parents ... should find answers to many of the questions they have."—Disability Studies Quarterly

From the Publisher