Table of Contents
Credits and Acknowledgments 12
How to Use this Book 14
2021 Coin Market Report 18
Collecting U.S. Coins 20
A Seminar on the Grading of Coins 21
Rare Coins as an Investment 25
Aspects of Authenticity 25
Cleaning, Conservation, and Preservation 31
The History of Coins in America, 1607 to Date 35
Pre-Federal Issues 118
Colonial Issues 118
Post-Colonial Issues 143
Federal Issues 179
Contract Issues and Patterns 179
Half Cents 185
Liberty Cap, Head Facing Left (1793) 186
Liberty Cap, Head Facing Right (1794-1797) 190
Draped Bust (1800-1808) 194
Classic Head (1809-1836) 199
Braided Hair (1840-1857) 205
Large Cents 210
Flowing Hair, Chain Reverse (1793) 211
Flowing Hair, Wreath Reverse (1793) 214
Liberty Cap (1793-1796) 218
Draped Bust (1796-1807) 223
Classic Head (1808-1814) 231
Matron Head (1816-1839) 235
Braided Hair (1839-1857) 245
Small Cents 252
Flying Eagle (1856-1858) 253
Indian Head (1859-1909) 258
Lincoln, Wheat Ears Reverse (1909-1958) 270
Lincoln, Memorial Reverse (1959-2008) 284
Lincoln, Bicentennial Reverses (2009) 292
Lincoln, Shield Reverse (2010 to Date) 295
Two-Cent Pieces 298
Shield (1864-1873) 299
Three-Cent Pieces 304
Silver Three-Cent Pieces (Trimes) (1851-1873) 306
Nickel Three-Cent Pieces (1865-1889) 312
Nickel Five-Cent Pieces 318
Shield (1866-1883) 319
Liberty Head (1883-1913) 325
Indian Head or Buffalo (1913-1938) 332
Jefferson (1938-2003) 340
Westward Journey (2004-2005) 354
Jefferson Modified (2006 to Date) 356
Half Dismes 359
Half Disme (1792) 360
Half Dimes 363
Flowing Hair (1794-1795) 364
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) 367
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1800-1805) 371
Capped Bust (1829-1837) 375
Liberty Seated (1837-1873) 380
Dimes 391
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) 392
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798-1807) 396
Capped Bust (1809-1837) 400
Liberty Seated (1837-1891) 408
Barber or Liberty Head (1892-1916) 423
Winged Liberty Head or "Mercury-" (1916-1945) 430
Roosevelt (1946 to Date) 439
Twenty-Cent Pieces 449
Liberty Seated (1875-1878) 450
Quarter Dollars 454
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796) 456
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1804-1807) 460
Capped Bust (1815-1838) 463
Liberty-Seated (1838-1891) 470
Barber or Liberty Head (1892-1916) 483
Standing Liberty (1916-1930) 491
Washington, Eagle Reverse (1932-1998) 497
Washington, State, D.C., and Territorial (1999-2009) 512
Washington, America the Beautiful™ (2010-2021) 522
Washington, General George Washington Crossing the Delaware (2021 to Date) 522
Half Dollars 537
Flowing Hair (1794-1795) 540
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) 544
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1801-1807) 547
Capped Bust, Lettered Edge (1807-1836) 552
Capped Bust, Reeded Edge (1836-1839) 564
Liberty Seated (1839-1891) 568
Barber or Liberty Head (1892-1915) 582
Liberty Walking (1916-1947) 589
Franklin (1948-1963) 596
Kennedy (1964 to Date) 602
Silver Dollars 616
Flowing Hair (1794-1795) 621
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1795-1798) 628
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798-1804) 636
Gobrecht Dollars (1836-1839) 646
Liberty Seated (1840-1873) 654
Morgan (1878-1921) 692
Peace (1921-1935) 760
Modern Dollars 793
Eisenhower (1971-1978) 799
Susan B. Anthony (1979-1999) 837
Sacagawea (2000-2008) 862
Presidential (2007-2020) 885
Native American (2009 to Date) 906
American Innovation (2018-2032) 928
Trade Dollars 948
Liberty Seated (1873-1885) 955
Gold Dollars 974
Liberty Head (1849-1854) 975
Indian Princess Head, Small Head (1854-1856) 979
Indian Princess Head, Large Head (1856-1889) 981
Gold Quarter Eagles ($2.50) 988
Capped Bust to Right (1796-1807) 989
Draped Bust to Left, Large Size (1808) 991
Capped Head to Left (1821-1834) 993
Classic Head, No Motto on Reverse (1834-1839) 996
Liberty Head (1840-1907) 999
Indian Head (1908-1929) 1011
Three-Dollar Gold Pieces 1015
Indian Princess Head (1854-1889) 1016
Four-Dollar Gold Pieces 1022
Stella, Flowing Hair and Coiled Hair (1879-1880) 1022
Gold Half Eagles ($5) 1025
Capped Bust to Right, Small Eagle Reverse (1795-1798) 1027
Capped Bust to Right, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1795-1807) 1030
Draped Bust to Left (1807-1812) 1034
Capped Head to Left (1813-1834) 1037
Classic Head, No Motto on Reverse (1834-1838) 1042
Liberty Head (1839-1908) 1045
Indian Head (1908-1929) 1060
Gold Eagles ($10) 1065
Capped Bust to Right, Small Eagle Reverse (1795-1797) 1067
Capped Bust to Right, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1797-1804) 1069
Liberty Head (1838-1907) 1073
Indian Head (1907-1933) 1087
Gold Double Eagles ($20) 1092
Liberty Head (1849-1907) 1093
Saint-Gaudens, High Relief and Ultra High Relief, MCMVII (1907) 1106
Saint-Gaudens, Flat Relief, Arabic Numerals (1907-1933) 1109
U.S. Commemoratives 1115
Classic Commemoratives (1892-1954) 1115
Modern Commemoratives (1982 to Date) 1168
Government Commemorative Sets 1275
Proof and Mint Sets 1281
Modern Proof Sets (1936 to Date) 1285
Uncirculated Mint Sets (1947 to Date) 1289
Special Mint Sets (1965-1967) 1290
Souvenir Sets (1982-1983) 1290
Popular Die Varieties From Proof and Mint Sets 1291
U.S. Mint Bullion Coins 1292
American Silver Eagles (1986 to Date) 1293
America the Beautiful 5-Ounce Silver Bullion Coins (2010-2021) 1297
American Gold Eagles (1986 to Date) 1301
American Buffalo .9999 Fine Gold Bullion Coins (2006 to Date) 1307
First Spouse $10 Gold Bullion Coins (2007-2016) 1310
American Platinum Eagles (1997 to Date) 1317
American Palladium Eagles (2017 to Date) 1323
Significant U.S. Patterns 1325
Private and Territorial Gold 1332
Private Tokens 1358
Hard Times Tokens (1832-1844) 1358
Feuchtwanger Tokens (1837-1864) 1361
Civil War Tokens (1860s) 1361
Lesher Referendum Dollars (1900-1901) 1365
Confederate Issues 1366
Hawaiian and Puerto Rican Issues 1368
Philippine Issues 1372
Philippines Under U.S. Sovereignty (1903-1936) 1374
Commonwealth Issues for Circulation (1937-1945) 1393
Commonwealth Commemorative Issues 1400
Alaska Tokens 1402
Appendices 1404
Appendix A Misstrikes and Errors 1404
Appendix B Collectible Red and Blue Books 1409
Appendix C Bullion Values 1415
Appendix D Top 250 U.S. Coin Prices Realized at Auction 1418
Appendix E Conditions of Coins and Grading Standards 1424
Appendix F Special Modern Gold Coins (2009 to Date) 1426
Appendix G So-Called Dollars 1431
Appendix H Canceled Coin Dies of the 1995-1996 Atlanta Centennial Olympic Games 1457
Appendix I The 1921 Silver Dollar Coin Anniversary Act 1460
Appendix J Beware Fake 2021 Morgan and Peace Dollar Goins 1467
Appendix K Pattern Dollars, Or What Might Have Been but Wasn't 1470
Appendix L Extraordinary Error and Misstruck Dollars 1474
Notes 1477
Glossary 1478
Bibliography 1481
Image Credits 1491
Index 1493
General Index 1493
Alphabetical Index of Dates for Commemoratives 1499
