Rise and Fall of Repression in Chile

by Pablo Policzer

Overview

In The Rise and Fall of Repression in Chile, Pablo Policzer tackles the difficult task of analyzing how authoritarian regimes utilize coercion. Even in relatively open societies, coercive institutions such as the police and military tend to be secretive and mistrustful of efforts by outsiders to oversee their operations. In more closed societies, secrecy is the norm, making coercion that much more difficult to observe and understand.

Drawing on organization theory to develop a comparative typology of coercive regimes, Policzer analyzes the structures and mechanisms of coercion in general and then shifts his focus to the early part of the military dictatorship in Chile, which lasted from 1973 to 1990. Policzer's book sheds new light on a fundamental, yet little-examined, period during the Chilean dictatorship. Between 1977 and 1978, the governing junta in Chile quietly replaced the secret police organization known as the Dirección de Informaciones Nacional (DINA) with a different institution, the Central Nacional de Informaciones (CNI). Policzer provides the first systematic account of why the DINA was created in the first place, how it became the most powerful repressive institution in the country, and why it was suddenly replaced with a different organization, one that carried out repression in a markedly more restrained manner.

Policzer shows how the dictatorship's reorganization of its security forces intersected in surprising ways with efforts by human rights watchdogs to monitor and resist the regime's coercive practices. He concludes by comparing these struggles with how dictatorships in Argentina, East Germany, and South Africa organized coercion.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780268206772
Publisher:	University of Notre Dame Press
Publication date:	09/30/2022
Series:	Kellogg Institute Series on Democracy and Development
Pages:	262
Product dimensions:	6.00(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.62(d)

About the Author

Pablo Policzer is assistant professor in political science and Canada Research Chair in Latin American Politics at the University of Calgary.

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures ix

List of Acronyms xi

Note on Translations xiv

Preface and Acknowledgments xv

Part I

1 The Dark Spaces of Politics 3

2 The Coercion Problem 16

Part II

3 The Overthrow and Turmoil 41

4 The Rise of the DINA (1973-74) 68

5 The DINA in Action (1974-77) 85

6 The Fall of the DINA (1977-78) 100

7 Options and Shifts 112

Part III

8 The Politics of Organizing Coercion 133

Appendix A Monitoring Indicators, September-December 1973 150

Appendix B Monitoring Indicators, 1974-78 160

Appendix C Monitoring Indicators after 1978 169

Appendix D Cross-Country Comparisons on Monitoring Indicators 176

Notes 184

Bibliography 217

Index 233

Editorial Reviews

An important and well-crafted book, The Rise and Fall of Repression in Chile makes a valuable contribution to the literatures on comparative politics, authoritarian repression, democratic transitions, and recent Chilean politics. Policzer admirably succeeds in offering an original argument about the nature of authoritarian coercion while also changing our perception of the dynamics of the Pinochet regime." —Anthony W. Pereira, Tulane University

“Pablo Policzer opens up the black box of the Pinochet regime and reveals the complex internal politics surrounding how the regime used and sought to regulate repression. We know too little about the internal workings of authoritarian regimes, and Policzer's book shows us not only how principal-agent problems led to a fundamental reorganization of repression, but also the unpredictable ways in which human rights monitoring shaped struggles within the state over the management of repression. This is path-breaking work and a must-read for students of authoritarianism." —William Stanley, University of New Mexico

“Pablo Policzer analyzes how authoritarian regimes utilize coercion in The Rise and Fall of Repression in Chile. The book sheds new light on the early Chilean dictatorship, especially the period in the late 70s when the junta quietly replaced its infamous secret police organization (DINA).” —Kellogg Institute Newsletter

“Acknowledging that coercion is one of the dark spaces of politics, Policzer aims to illuminate the ways in which authoritarian regimes organize their institutions, as well as the causes and consequences of their choices. . . . Policzer’s analysis casts the Pinochet dictatorship in a new light, illustrating how Pinochet faced various trade-offs in organizing his coercive apparatus.” —Choice

“Taking the Pinochet regime in Chile as a case study, Policzer develops a framework within which to clarify the different ways coercive force can be organized in different regimes and at different points in time. He focuses on how in 1977-78 the dictator replaced the most powerful repressive institution in the country, the DINA, with the CNI. . . ” —Reference and Research Book News

“Between 1977 and 1978 the governing junta in Chile replaced the secret police organization known as the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA) with a different institution, the Central Nacional de Informaciones (CNI). Policzer’s study seeks to account for the creation of DINA, its rise to become the most powerful repressive institution in the country, and its sudden replacement with the CNI, which carried out repression in a markedly more restrained manner.” —Law & Social Inquiry

“This important book enriches the literature on authoritarian regimes by asking what factors and specific mechanisms explain the changes in the organization of coercion under such regimes. This is a significant book because it poses new questions and delivers new theoretical tools to explore this new region of problematization.” —Latin American Politics and Society

“. . .repression is often understood in terms of relatively simple explanatory schemes: ideological zeal, domestic power arrangements, and international political pressure. In this new book, Pablo Policzer seeks to expose the inadequacies of such explanations and to offer an alternative approach for explaining and understanding political repression. . . . this work is original and thought-provoking, and offers a valuable contribution to the history of the Pinochet regime. It is certainly a stepping stone for new research in the field of political repression.” —Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies

"Policzer's main thesis is that political repression is a more complex and multifaceted process than has been assumed. This is an original contribution that raises as many questions as it answers." —Latin American Perspectives

“Pablo Policzer’s The Rise and Fall of Repression in Chile is one of the few existing studies of coercive institutions, and shows that repressing a society is a much more complicated organizational endeavor than is usually assumed.” —Journal of Comparative Politics

From the Publisher

". . . Repression is often understood in terms of relatively simple explanatory schemes: ideological zeal, domestic power arrangements, and international political pressure. In this new book, Pablo Policzer seeks to expose the inadequacies of such explanations and to offer an alternative approach for explaining and understanding political repression. . . . This work is original and thought-provoking, and offers a valuable contribution to the history of the Pinochet regime. It is certainly a stepping stone for new research in the field of political repression."

Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies

"Acknowledging that coercion is one of the dark spaces of politics, Policzer aims to illuminate the ways in which authoritarian regimes organize their institutions, as well as the causes and consequences of their choices. . . . Policzer's analysis casts the Pinochet dictatorship in a new light, illustrating how Pinochet faced various trade-offs in organizing his coercive apparatus."

Choice

"This important book enriches the literature on authoritarian regimes by asking what factors and specific mechanisms explain the changes in the organization of coercion under such regimes. This is a significant book because it poses new questions and delivers new theoretical tools to explore this new region of problematization."

Latin American Politics and Society