Sleep and Anesthesia: Neural Correlates in Theory and Experiment / Edition 1

by Axel Hutt

Overview

Sleep and anesthesia resemble in many ways at a first glance. The most prominent common feature of course is the loss of consciousness, i.e. the loss of awareness of external stimuli. However a closer look at the loss of consciousness reveals already a difference between sleep and anesthesia: anesthesia is induced by an anesthetic drug whereas we may fall asleep without external cause. Other questions may arise about the difference of the two effects: do we dream during surgery under anesthesia, do we feel pain during sleep? Essentially, we may ask: what is common and what are the differences between sleep and anesthesia? To answer these questions, we may take a look at the neural origin of both effects and the involved physiological pathways. In which way do they resemble? Moreover, we ask what are the detailed features of normal sleep and general anesthesia as applied during surgery and which features exist in both phenomena? If yes in which way?

To receive answers to these questions, it is necessary to consider several experimental techniques that reveal underlying neural mechanisms of sleep and anesthesia. Moreover, theoretical models of neural activity may model both phenomena and comes up with predictions or even theories on the underlying mechanisms. Such models may attack several different description levels, from the microscopic level of single neurons to the macroscopic level of neural populations. Such models may give deeper insight into the phenomena if their assumptions are based on experimental findings and their predictions can be compared to experimental results. This comparison step is essential for valuable theoretical models.

The book is motivated by two successful workshops on anesthesia and sleep organized

during the Computational Neuroscience Conferences in Toronto in 2007 and in Berlin 2009. It aims to cover all the previous aspects with a focus on the link to experimental findings. It elucidates important issues in theoretical models that at the same time reflect some current major research interests. Moreover it considers some diverse issues which are very important to get an overview of the fields. For instance, the book discusses not only neural activity in the brain but also the effects of general anesthesia on the cardio-vascular system and the spinal cord in the context of analgesia. In addition, it considers different experimental techniques on various spatial scales, such as fMRI and EEG-experiments on the macroscopic scale and single neuron and LFP-measurements on the microscopic scale.

In total all book chapters reveal aspects of the neural correlates of sleep and anesthesia motivated by experimental data. This focus on the neural mechanism in the light of experimental data is the common feature of the topics and the chapters. In addition, the book aims to clarify the shared physiological mechanisms of both phenomena, but also reveal their physiological differences.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781461430247
Publisher:	Springer New York
Publication date:	11/06/2013
Series:	Springer Series in Computational Neuroscience , #15
Edition description:	2011
Pages:	260
Sales rank:	543,605
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.02(d)

Table of Contents

Foreword: Computing the mind by Anthony Hudetz.- Preface by Axel Hutt.- 1. Sleep and Anesthesia: A Consideration of States, Traits, and Mechanisms by G. Mashour, University of Michigan.- 2. Modelling sleep and general anaesthesia by J. Sleigh, University of Auckland.- Section 1: Sleep.- 3. Quantitative Modeling of Sleep Dynamics by P. Robinson, University of Sydney.- 4. The fine structure of slow-wave sleep oscillations: from single neurons to large networks by A. Destexhe, CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette Paris.- 5. A population network model of neuronal and neurotransmitter interactions regulating sleep-wake behavior in rodent species by V. Booth, University of Michigan.- 6. Neural correlates of human NREM sleep oscillations by P. Maquet, University of Liege.- Section 2: Anesthesia.- 7. A mesoscopic modelling approach to anaesthetic action on brain electrical activity by D. Liley, Swinburne University of Technology.- 8. Progress in modeling EEG effects of general anesthesia: Biphasic response and hysteresis by A. Steyn-Ross, University of Waikato.- 9. EEG modeling in anesthesia: a new insight into mean-field approach for Delta activity generation.- by Behnam Molaee-Ardekani, University of Rennes.- 10. A neural population model of the bi-phasic EEG-power spectrum during general anaesthesia by A. Hutt, INRIA Nancy.- 11. In vivo-electrophysiology of anesthetic action by B. Rehberg-Kluge, Charite Humboldt University Berlin

Editorial Reviews

From the reviews:

“This book, which aims to provide an overview of experimental and theoretical concepts explaining the similarities and differences of sleep and anesthesia, grew out of two workshops during the Computational Neuroscience Conferences … . written particularly for graduate students in anesthesiology and sleep science, but it also will be useful to theoretical neuroscientists who are being introduced to sleep and anesthesia. … useful contribution to both the sleep and of anesthesia fields and serves to elucidate their differences and similarities from theoretical and experimental approaches.” (M. Isabel L. Crisostomo, Doody’s Review Service, January, 2012)

“The book offers an in-depth review of the mechanisms underlying sleep and anesthesia and outlines directions for future research. … each chapter on its own is a well-written review of a specific topic that can be read independently. … this book is a well-written, informative overview that achieves the goal of synthesizing and summarizing the cutting-edge research on the topics of sleep and anesthesia. … this volume is an important resource for clinicians and researchers interested in the fields of anesthesiology and sleep research.” (Dian-Shi Wang and Beverley A. Orser, Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, Vol. 59, 2012)

From the Publisher

Reviewer: M. Isabel L. Crisostomo, MD (Rush University Medical Center)
Description: This book, which aims to provide an overview of experimental and theoretical concepts explaining the similarities and differences of sleep and anesthesia, grew out of two workshops during the Computational Neuroscience Conferences 2007 in Toronto and 2009 in Berlin that were organized by the editor.
Purpose: The purpose is to explain both the similarities and differences between sleep and anesthesia from both an experimental and theoretical perspective.
Audience: It is written particularly for graduate students in anesthesiology and sleep science, but it also will be useful to theoretical neuroscientists who are being introduced to sleep and anesthesia. The chapters are authored by scientists who are prominent in the field of sleep and anesthesia, many of whom participated in the conferences.
Features: The book is organized practically into three sections with a total of 11 chapters. The first section serves as an introduction and includes chapters on the physiological basis of sleep and anesthesia from an experimental standpoint with a focus on discussing similarities and differences. Another chapter in this part discusses a unifying theoretical model of sleep and anesthesia. The second and third sections, labeled part I and part II, cover detailed studies on sleep in part I and anesthesia in part II. Chapters in part I cover quantitative modeling of sleep dynamics, the structure of slow-wave sleep oscillations, a population network model of neuronal and neurotransmitter interactions of sleep-wake behavior in rodents, and neural correlates of human NREM sleep oscillations. Part II has several chapters on the modeling of general anesthesia effects on brain electrical activity. Each chapter is followed by references. The end of the book has a helpful index as well as a glossary of sleep terms.
Assessment: This is a useful contribution to both the sleep and of anesthesia fields and serves to elucidate their differences and similarities from theoretical and experimental approaches.

Doody's Review Service