Tales of Impossibility: The 2000-Year Quest to Solve the Mathematical Problems of Antiquity
A comprehensive look at four of the most famous problems in mathematics

Tales of Impossibility recounts the intriguing story of the renowned problems of antiquity, four of the most famous and studied questions in the history of mathematics. First posed by the ancient Greeks, these compass and straightedge problems—squaring the circle, trisecting an angle, doubling the cube, and inscribing regular polygons in a circle—have served as ever-present muses for mathematicians for more than two millennia. David Richeson follows the trail of these problems to show that ultimately their proofs—which demonstrated the impossibility of solving them using only a compass and straightedge—depended on and resulted in the growth of mathematics.

Richeson investigates how celebrated luminaries, including Euclid, Archimedes, Viète, Descartes, Newton, and Gauss, labored to understand these problems and how many major mathematical discoveries were related to their explorations. Although the problems were based in geometry, their resolutions were not, and had to wait until the nineteenth century, when mathematicians had developed the theory of real and complex numbers, analytic geometry, algebra, and calculus. Pierre Wantzel, a little-known mathematician, and Ferdinand von Lindemann, through his work on pi, finally determined the problems were impossible to solve. Along the way, Richeson provides entertaining anecdotes connected to the problems, such as how the Indiana state legislature passed a bill setting an incorrect value for pi and how Leonardo da Vinci made elegant contributions in his own study of these problems.

Taking readers from the classical period to the present, Tales of Impossibility chronicles how four unsolvable problems have captivated mathematical thinking for centuries.

1130779464
Tales of Impossibility: The 2000-Year Quest to Solve the Mathematical Problems of Antiquity
A comprehensive look at four of the most famous problems in mathematics

Tales of Impossibility recounts the intriguing story of the renowned problems of antiquity, four of the most famous and studied questions in the history of mathematics. First posed by the ancient Greeks, these compass and straightedge problems—squaring the circle, trisecting an angle, doubling the cube, and inscribing regular polygons in a circle—have served as ever-present muses for mathematicians for more than two millennia. David Richeson follows the trail of these problems to show that ultimately their proofs—which demonstrated the impossibility of solving them using only a compass and straightedge—depended on and resulted in the growth of mathematics.

Richeson investigates how celebrated luminaries, including Euclid, Archimedes, Viète, Descartes, Newton, and Gauss, labored to understand these problems and how many major mathematical discoveries were related to their explorations. Although the problems were based in geometry, their resolutions were not, and had to wait until the nineteenth century, when mathematicians had developed the theory of real and complex numbers, analytic geometry, algebra, and calculus. Pierre Wantzel, a little-known mathematician, and Ferdinand von Lindemann, through his work on pi, finally determined the problems were impossible to solve. Along the way, Richeson provides entertaining anecdotes connected to the problems, such as how the Indiana state legislature passed a bill setting an incorrect value for pi and how Leonardo da Vinci made elegant contributions in his own study of these problems.

Taking readers from the classical period to the present, Tales of Impossibility chronicles how four unsolvable problems have captivated mathematical thinking for centuries.

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Tales of Impossibility: The 2000-Year Quest to Solve the Mathematical Problems of Antiquity

Tales of Impossibility: The 2000-Year Quest to Solve the Mathematical Problems of Antiquity

by David S. Richeson
Tales of Impossibility: The 2000-Year Quest to Solve the Mathematical Problems of Antiquity

Tales of Impossibility: The 2000-Year Quest to Solve the Mathematical Problems of Antiquity

by David S. Richeson

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Overview

A comprehensive look at four of the most famous problems in mathematics

Tales of Impossibility recounts the intriguing story of the renowned problems of antiquity, four of the most famous and studied questions in the history of mathematics. First posed by the ancient Greeks, these compass and straightedge problems—squaring the circle, trisecting an angle, doubling the cube, and inscribing regular polygons in a circle—have served as ever-present muses for mathematicians for more than two millennia. David Richeson follows the trail of these problems to show that ultimately their proofs—which demonstrated the impossibility of solving them using only a compass and straightedge—depended on and resulted in the growth of mathematics.

Richeson investigates how celebrated luminaries, including Euclid, Archimedes, Viète, Descartes, Newton, and Gauss, labored to understand these problems and how many major mathematical discoveries were related to their explorations. Although the problems were based in geometry, their resolutions were not, and had to wait until the nineteenth century, when mathematicians had developed the theory of real and complex numbers, analytic geometry, algebra, and calculus. Pierre Wantzel, a little-known mathematician, and Ferdinand von Lindemann, through his work on pi, finally determined the problems were impossible to solve. Along the way, Richeson provides entertaining anecdotes connected to the problems, such as how the Indiana state legislature passed a bill setting an incorrect value for pi and how Leonardo da Vinci made elegant contributions in his own study of these problems.

Taking readers from the classical period to the present, Tales of Impossibility chronicles how four unsolvable problems have captivated mathematical thinking for centuries.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780691218724
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publication date: 11/02/2021
Pages: 456
Sales rank: 297,673
Product dimensions: 5.25(w) x 8.00(h) x (d)

About the Author

David S. Richeson is professor of mathematics and the John J. and Ann Curley Faculty Chair in the Liberal Arts at Dickinson College. He is the author of Euler’s Gem: The Polyhedron Formula and the Birth of Topology (Princeton). Twitter @divbyzero

Table of Contents

Preface xi

Introduction 1

Chapter 1 The Four Problems 7

Tangent: Cranks 18

Chapter 2 Proving the Impossible 25

Tangent: Nine Impossibility Theorems 34

Chapter 3 Compass-and-Straightedge Constructions 38

Tangent: The Tomahawk 55

Chapter 4 The First Mathematical Crisis 56

Tangent: Toothpick Constructions 67

Chapter 5 Doubling the Cube 69

Tangent: Eratosthenes's Mesolabe 80

Chapter 6 The Early History of π 81

Tangent: The Great Pyramid 93

Chapter 7 Quadratures 95

Tangent: Leonardo da Vinci's Lunes 105

Chapter 8 Archimedes's Number 108

Tangent: Computing π at Home 130

Chapter 9 The Heptagon, the Nonagon, and the Other Regular Polygons 137

Tangent: It Takes Time to Trisect an Angle 144

Chapter 10 Neusis Constructions 146

Tangent: Crockett Johnson's Heptagon 157

Chapter 11 Curves 160

Tangent: Carpenter's Squares 174

Chapter 12 Getting By with Less 178

Tangent: Origami 192

Chapter 13 The Dawn of Algebra 196

Tangent: Nicholas of Cusa 215

Chapter 14 Viète's Analytic Art 219

Tangent: Galileo's Compass 228

Chapter 15 Descartes's Compass-and-Straightedge Arithmetic 233

Tangent: Legislating π 251

Chapter 16 Descartes and the Problems of Antiquity 254

Tangent: Hobbes, Wallis, and the New Algebra 263

Chapter 17 Seventeenth-Century Quadratures of the Circle 268

Tangent: Digit Hunters 279

Chapter 18 Complex Numbers 288

Tangent: The τ Revolution 300

Chapter 19 Gauss's 17-gon 302

Tangent: Mirrors 316

Chapter 20 Pierre Wantzel 320

Tangent: What Can We Construct with Other Tools? 342

Chapter 21 Irrational and Transcendental Numbers 348

Tangent: Top 10 Transcendental Numbers 366

Epilogue: Sirens or Muses? 367

Notes 369

References 405

Index 429

What People are Saying About This

From the Publisher

"This engaging and well-written book covers more ground than previous books on the classical improbability problems. Numerous historical asides add to the enjoyment of this work. Highly recommended!"—Eli Maor, author of Music by the Numbers

"Tales of Impossibility presents an absorbing account of the history and mystery of problems whose infeasibilities are woven into the architecture of mathematics itself. Richeson shows us that what is not possible can be just as inspiring as what is. All math lovers will find gems to mine here."—Francis Su, author of Mathematics for Human Flourishing

"Tales of Impossibility is the story of a mathematical treasure hunt, and it's a treasure chest in its own right. Inside are nifty proofs, historical surprises, tasty miscellany, and most of all, the rich mathematical narrative of a quest that has consumed geniuses and eccentrics alike. This is the history of math's greatest tease—and it is immensely satisfying."—Ben Orlin, author of Math with Bad Drawings

"Tales of Impossibility contains mathematics that is interesting and perhaps new to most readers. The book features helpful diagrams and footnotes, quotations that amplify the subject matter, and even funny material here and there."—William Dunham, author of The Calculus Gallery

"Richeson has put together a fascinating account of mathematical impossibility, focusing on the ruler and compass problems of the ancient Greeks. This is a story of the problems and the people involved—but even more so of the changes in mathematical thinking that made it possible to prove impossibility."—Henry Segerman, Oklahoma State University

"Tying together Lincoln, Napoleon, dramatic duels, and amazing intellectual achievements spanning more than two millennia, Tales of Impossibility presents a terrific story. Even while unfolding some of the oldest and most familiar logical challenges, Richeson uncovers intriguing ideas and details that will be new to all readers, even the most mathematically experienced."—Glen Whitney, founder of the National Museum of Mathematics

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