| Preface To The Fourth Edition | xiii |
| Preface To The First Edition | xvii |
Chapter 1 | Tank Vessel Design and Classification | |
| Oil Tanker | 3 |
| Parcel Tanker | 10 |
| Combination Carrier | 13 |
| Barges | 16 |
| Barriers | 18 |
| Classification | 19 |
| Development of the Supertanker | 23 |
| Review | 23 |
Chapter 2 | Cargo Characteristics | |
| Bulk Liquid Cargoes | 24 |
| Properties of Petroleum | 25 |
| Flammability Characteristics of Bulk Liquid Cargoes | 26 |
| Avoidance of the Flammable Range | 29 |
| Classification of Petroleum | 31 |
| Cargo Weight, Capacity, and Flow | 32 |
| Toxicity--Measurement and Regulations | 35 |
| Sources of Cargo Information | 37 |
| Hazards | 40 |
| Review | 50 |
Chapter 3 | Oil Exploration and the Refining Process | |
| Drilling | 52 |
| Processing and Transporting | 55 |
| Crude Oil | 56 |
| Refining | 59 |
| Building Products | 62 |
| Blending | 63 |
| Review | 63 |
Chapter 4 | Cargo Piping Systems | |
| Bottom Piping | 64 |
| Deck Piping | 70 |
| Cargo Hoses | 78 |
| Cargo Transfer | 80 |
| Pumproom Piping | 85 |
| Basic Valve Types | 87 |
| Special Valves | 91 |
| Blanks | 95 |
| Review | 96 |
Chapter 5 | Venting Systems and Vapor Control Operations | |
| Controlled Venting Systems | 98 |
| Development of Vapor Control Systems | 104 |
| Vapor Control System Components | 105 |
| Closed Gauging | 108 |
| High/Low Vapor Pressure Protection | 111 |
| Operations | 112 |
| Review | 120 |
Chapter 6 | Cargo Measurement and Calculation | |
| The Purpose of Cargo Measurement | 121 |
| Parties Involved | 122 |
| Terms of Sale | 122 |
| Measurement Equipment | 123 |
| Tank Structure and Measurement | 125 |
| Measurement Procedures | 130 |
| Equipment Use | 134 |
| Preloading Inspection and Measurement | 134 |
| Postloading Inspection and Measurement | 136 |
| Predischarge Inspection and Measurement | 140 |
| Postdischarge Inspection and Measurement | 141 |
| Cargo Calculation | 141 |
| Cargo Planning | 144 |
| Load Lines and Zone Limitations | 146 |
| Cargo Terms | 150 |
| Loading to Final Draft | 156 |
| Loading and Discharging Rates | 156 |
| Review | 157 |
Chapter 7 | Cargo Pumps | |
| Kinetic Pumps | 161 |
| Positive-Displacement Pumps and Eductors | 175 |
| Review | 180 |
Chapter 8 | Cargo Transfer Operations | |
| Regulations | 182 |
| Operations | 197 |
| Topping-Off Operation | 200 |
| Finishing Cargo Loading | 201 |
| Offshore Moorings | 203 |
| Discharging Operation | 204 |
| Review | 209 |
Chapter 9 | Chartering and Operations | |
| Vessel Ownership | 211 |
| Types of Charter Agreements | 212 |
| The Charter Party | 213 |
| Terms of the Charter Party | 215 |
| Pricing | 224 |
| Freight Rate | 225 |
| Review | 228 |
Chapter 10 | Vetting Inspections | |
| Inspections | 229 |
| The Crew's Role in Vetting | 231 |
| Review | 237 |
Chapter 11 | Ballasting and Deballasting Operations | |
| Ballasting Operations | 238 |
| Deballasting Operations | 245 |
| Review | 249 |
Chapter 12 | Tank Cleaning Operations | |
| Equipment | 253 |
| Crude-Oil-Washing (COW) | 263 |
| Supplemental Cleaning | 270 |
| Tank Coatings | 271 |
| Review | 273 |
Chapter 13 | Enclosed Space Entry | |
| Risks Associated with Enclosed Space Entry | 274 |
| Gas-Freeing Process | 278 |
| Testing | 280 |
| Entry Procedure | 284 |
| Instrumentation | 289 |
| Review | 294 |
Chapter 14 | Pollution Regulations | |
| Sources of Pollution from Tank Vessels | 295 |
| Federal Pollution Legislation | 296 |
| International Pollution Legislation, MARPOL | 298 |
| Pollution Reduction Efforts | 304 |
| Review | 304 |
Chapter 15 | Inert Gas Systems | |
| Sources of Inert Gas | 307 |
| General Requirements for an Inert Gas System | 308 |
| System Components | 308 |
| Emergency Procedures | 322 |
| Gas Replacement | 322 |
| Inert Gas Generators | 324 |
| Nitrogen Systems | 326 |
| Precautions in the Use of IG Systems | 327 |
| Review | 329 |
Chapter 16 | Emergency Procedures | |
| Pumproom Rescue | 331 |
| Oil Spill | 332 |
| Grounding | 333 |
| Collision | 334 |
| Fire--General Guidelines | 335 |
| Fire--Cargo Manifold | 335 |
| Fire--Mast or King Post Vent | 336 |
| Fire--Cargo Pumproom | 337 |
Appendix | Conversion Factors | 339 |
| Glossary | 341 |
| Bibliography | 356 |
| Index | 359 |
| About The Author And Contributors | 374 |