Terrorism and Homeland Security / Edition 1

by Gus Martin

Overview

With an emphasis on current theories and today's political and social environment, Terrorism and Homeland Security concisely and clearly explains the multifaceted subject of terrorism and its impact on homeland security in the United States today. This versatile text grounds the discussion within a historical, legal, administrative, and intellectual framework. The book focuses on providing readers with an understanding of the central challenges, perspectives, and issues in the field through four Parts: a conceptual review of terrorism and its causes; terrorist environments, such as religious or international terrorism; the terrorist trade, including the role of the mass media; and a fourth section that discusses domestic terrorism in the United States and investigates homeland security from both theoretical and organizational perspectives.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781412988025
Publisher:	SAGE Publications
Publication date:	07/29/2010
Pages:	323
Product dimensions:	7.30(w) x 9.00(h) x 0.80(d)

About the Author

C. Augustus “Gus” Martin is Director of the School of Public Service and Justice at California State University, Dominguez Hills. He is also a Professor of Criminal Justice Administration, where he regularly teaches a course on the subject of terrorism and extremism. He has served as Associate Vice President for Human Resources Management, Acting Associate Dean of the College of Business Administration and Public Policy, Associate Vice President for Faculty Affairs, and Chair of the Department of Public Administration. He began his academic career as a member of the faculty of the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh, where he was an Administration of Justice professor. His current research and professional interests are terrorism and extremism, homeland security, the administration of justice, and juvenile justice.

Dr. Martin is author of several books on the subjects of terrorism and homeland security, including Essentials of Terrorism: Concepts and Controversies (SAGE Publications, 2022); Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues (SAGE Publications, 2021); Understanding Homeland Security (SAGE Publications, 2020); Terrorism: An International Perspective (with Fynnwin Prager; SAGE Publications, 2019); The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Second Edition (SAGE Publications, 2011); Terrorism and Homeland Security (SAGE Publications, 2011); and The New Era of Terrorism: Selected Readings (SAGE Publications, 2004). He is also author of Juvenile Justice: Process and Systems (SAGE Publications, 2005).

Prior to joining academia, Dr. Martin served as Managing Attorney for the Fair Housing Partnership of Greater Pittsburgh, where he was also director of a program created under a federal consent decree to desegregate public and assisted housing. He was also Special Counsel to the Attorney General of the U.S. Virgin Islands on the island of St. Thomas. As Special Counsel, he occupied a personal and confidential position in the central office of the Department of Justice; sat as hearing officer for disciplinary hearings and departmental grievances; served as chair of the Drug Policy Committee; served as liaison to the intergovernmental Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee as well as to the Narcotics Strike Force; and provided daily legal and policy advice to the Attorney General. Prior to serving as Special Counsel, he was a “floor” Legislative Assistant to Congressman Charles B. Rangel of New York. As Legislative Assistant, he researched, evaluated and drafted legislation in areas of foreign policy, foreign aid, human rights, housing, education, social services, and poverty; he also drafted House floor statements, Congressional Record inserts, press releases, and news articles; and he composed speeches, briefing materials, and legislative correspondence.

Table of Contents

About the Author xi

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xix

Part I Understanding Terrorism: A Conceptual Review 1

1 The Nature of the Beast: Defining Terrorism 3

Understanding Political Extremism 4

Formal and Informal Definitions 8

Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 12

The Political Violence Matrix 17

Chapter Summary 19

Key Terms and Concepts 23

Recommended Web Sites 23

Terrorism on the Web 23

Web Exercise 23

Recommended Readings 24

2 The Past as Prologue: Historical Perspectives and Ideological Origins 25

Ideological Origins of Terrorism 26

Historical Perspectives on Terrorism 37

The New Era of Terrorism 40

Chapter Summary 43

Key Terms and Concepts 45

Recommended Web Sites 46

Terrorism on the Web 46

Web Exercise 46

Recommended Readings 47

3 Beginnings: Causes of Terrorist Violence 49

Political Violence as the Fruit of Injustice 50

Political Violence as Strategic Choice 57

Moral Justifications for Political Violence 60

Chapter Summary 68

Key Terms and Concepts 70

Recommended Web Sites 71

Terrorism on the Web 71

Web Exercise 71

Recommended Readings 72

Part II Terrorist Environments 73

4 Terror From Above: Terrorism by the State 75

Perspectives on Terrorism by Governments 76

Understanding State Terrorism: State Patronage and Assistance 77

Domestic Terrorism by the State 82

Terrorism as Foreign Policy 94

The Problem of Accountability: Monitoring State Terrorism 98

Chapter Summary 100

Key Terms and Concepts 102

Recommended Web Sites 103

Terrorism on the Web 103

Web Exercise 103

Recommended Readings 104

5 Terror From Below: Terrorism by Dissidents 105

Perspectives on Violent Dissent 108

The Practice of Dissident Terrorism 113

Dissidents and the New Terrorism 121

Chapter Summary 124

Key Terms and Concepts 127

Recommended Web Sites 127

Terrorism on the Web 127

Web Exercise 128

Recommended Readings 128

6 Violence in the Name of the Faith: Religious Terrorism 129

Historical Perspectives on Religious Violence 130

The Practice of Religious Terrorism 140

Trends and Projections 151

Chapter Summary 152

Key Terms and Concepts 153

Recommended Web Sites 154

Terrorism on the Web 154

Web Exercise 154

Recommended Readings 155

7 Terrorist Spillovers: International Terrorism 157

Defining International Terrorism 159

Reasons for International Terrorism 163

International Terrorist Networks 169

The International Dimension of the New Terrorism 172

Chapter Summary 179

Key Terms and Concepts 181

Recommended Web Sites 181

Terrorism on the Web 181

Web Exercise 181

Recommended Readings 182

Part III The Terrorist Trade 183

8 Tools of the Trade: Tactics and Targets of Terrorists 185

Understanding Terrorist Objectives 186

The Terrorists' Arsenal 190

Terrorist Targets 201

Chapter Summary 207

Key Terms and Concepts 210

Recommended Web Sites 210

Terrorism on the Web 211

Web Exercise 211

Recommended Readings 211

9 The Information Battlefield: Terrorist Violence and the Role of the Media 213

Understanding the Role of the Media 214

Mass Communications and the War for Information 220

Chapter Summary 228

Key Terms and Concepts 230

Recommended Web Sites 230

Terrorism on the Web 231

Web Exercise 231

Recommended Readings 231

Part IV Homeland Security in the United States 233

10 Domestic Terrorism in the United States 235

Left-Wing Extremism in the United States 240

Left-Wing Terrorism in the United States 242

Right-Wing Extremism in the United States 250

Right-Wing Terrorism in the United States 255

Chapter Summary 262

Key Terms and Concepts 264

Recommended Web Sites 265

Terrorism on the Web 265

Web Exercise 265

Recommended Readings 266

11 Homeland Security in Perspective 267

The Concept of Homeland Security 267

Reorganization of Homeland Security and Intelligence in the United States 272

Counterterrorism and the Law 278

Chapter Summary 284

Key Terms and Concepts 285

Recommended Web Sites 285

Terrorism on the Web 286

Web Exercise 286

Recommended Readings 286

12 Homeland Security Agencies and Missions 287

Homeland Security and Counterterrorism/Antiterrorism 287

Homeland Security Agencies 293

The Role of Intelligence Agencies and the Military 298

Chapter Summary 307

Key Terms and Concepts 309

Recommended Web Sites 309

Terrorism on the Web 309

Web Exercises 310

Recommended Readings 310

13 Civil Liberties and Securing the Homeland 311

Security and Liberty 312

Achieving Security 313

Balancing Civil Liberties and Homeland Security 317

Chapter Summary 322

Key Terms and Concepts 323

Recommended Web Sites 323

Terrorism on the Web 323

Recommended Readings 323

Appendix A Map References A-1

Appendix B National Intelligence Estimate: The Terrorist Threat to the US Homeland B-1

Appendix C Historical Examples sagepub.com/martinstudy

Glossary G-1

Notes N-1

Photo Credits P-1

Index I-1