Table of Contents
Introduction ix
The Traditional Method of Building Random Rubble 1
Choosing Your Stone 2
Beginning the Work 4
The Building Method 5
Points to Remember 8
Building a Wall on Sloping Ground 10
Building a Circular Wall 10
Pier or Buttress With Sloping face 11
Coping for Random Rubble Walls 13
Window Sills 13
Figures for This Section 17
Tower Construction 36
The Tower's Foundation 36
Continuing to Build 37
Finishing 38
Figure for This Section 39
Fireplace Construction 42
Points to Observe 44
Figures for This Section 45
Stairs 50
Stone Stairs 50
Circular Stairs 51
Building External Staircases 52
Figures for This Section 54
Arches and Their Construction 59
Arch Construction 59
Types of Arches 59
Points to Observe in Arch Construction 60
Technical Terms Used in Arch Work 63
Cutting Curves and Joints on Voussoirs 64
Constructing Rubble Arches 65
Figures for This Section 68
Building a Traditional "Sow" or Hunchbackered Bridge 81
Figures for This Section 85
Restoration Work 90
Invasion of Vegetation 92
Alternatives to Shoring 92
Removing Old Cement Pointing 95
Grouting Stonework 95
Correcting Patching 95
Restoring an Arch 96
Restoring a Window 99
A Leaning Chimney 100
A Corbie Stepped Gable and a Random Rubble Gable 101
Figures for This Section 102
Gothic Arches at Ioan Abbey 110
Figures for This Section 114
Stones Used in Masonry 118
Igneous Rocks 118
Aqueous Rocks 120
Stone Tests 123
General Characteristics of Stone 123
Cutting Stone with Hand Tools 126
Tools 128
Stone-Cutting 129
Figures for This Section 131
Stone Setting 135
Figures for This Section 138
Preserving Stonework 147
Pointing 148
Tamp Pointing 151
Finish or Final Pointing 151
Finish Pointing Mixes 154
Figures for This Section 155
Mortar Mixes 157
How It Was Done in the Past 158
Figure for This Section 161
Time-Tested Materials 162
Lime 162
Boiled Linseed Oil 162
Water-Glass 163
Glossary 164
Index 168
About the Author 173
