Table of Contents
Chronology 13
Sultans and Kings 17
Introduction 21
Piracy in the Western Mediterranean 22
Piracy in the Levant 26
State Sponsored Piracy 30
Chapter I Before the Barbarossa Brothers 33
Christians and Muslims 37
Trading Against the Odds 41
The Pirate Emirs 48
War and Conquest 51
Rhodes: Last Stronghold of the Christians 53
Egypt Conquered 56
Chapter II The Barbarossas and the Turks 61
Aroudj, Algiers and Tlemcen 62
The Other Barbarossa: Kheir ed-Din, Lord of the Sea 66
Italy Threatened 70
The Great Game: The French Alliance 72
The Embassies 73
The Turkish Fleet in Toulon 78
A Time of Shame 87
Chapter III Lepan to 95
The Siege of Malta 96
The Holy League 101
7 October 1571 107
Victory 109
A Fragile Peace 113
Chapter IV The Africa of the Corsairs 117
Eyewitnesses: Warriors and Pilgrims 119
The Cities of the Corsairs 123
Algiers the Great 125
Streets, Markets and Palaces 126
People 146
War on Land and Sea: The Janissaries 149
The Captains: Piracy and Raids 152
Barbary Corsairs or Turks? 160
Spanish Possessions 165
Spanish Colonies? 167
Misery and Setbacks 171
Chapter V Slavery 177
The Roman Tradition 178
War, Provider of Slaves 182
Slavery in Africa and the East 185
Work and Labour 188
Domestic Slaves and Domestic Disorder 189
Moorish Slaves in Aragon 190
Africa: War and Raiding 195
Christians for Sale 197
Female Captives 199
Escape 201
Exchanges, Buy-backs and Ransoms 205
Agreements and Money 206
Risks 212
Charity 214
Chapter VI War and Propaganda 219
Reality: Fear 219
Reality: Danger at Sea 221
Propaganda and Legend 224
The Romance of the Pirate 232
Conclusion 237
Notes 243
Bibliography 261
Index 267