The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis
The Book Smugglers is the nearly unbelievable story of ghetto residents who rescued thousands of rare books and manuscripts—first from the Nazis and then from the Soviets—by hiding them on their bodies, burying them in bunkers, and smuggling them across borders. It is a tale of heroism and resistance, of friendship and romance, and of unwavering devotion—including the readiness to risk one’s life—to literature and art. And it is entirely true. Based on Jewish, German, and Soviet documents, including diaries, letters, memoirs, and the author’s interviews with several of the story’s participants, The Book Smugglers chronicles the daring activities of a group of poets turned partisans and scholars turned smugglers in Vilna, “The Jerusalem of Lithuania.” The rescuers were pitted against Johannes Pohl, a Nazi “expert” on the Jews, who had been dispatched to Vilna by the Nazi looting agency, Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg, to organize the seizure of the city’s great collections of Jewish books. Pohl and his Einsatzstab staff planned to ship the most valuable materials to Germany and incinerate the rest. The Germans used forty ghetto inmates as slave-laborers to sort, select, pack, and transport the materials, either to Germany or to nearby paper mills. This group, nicknamed “the Paper Brigade,” and informally led by poet Shmerke Kaczerginski, a garrulous, street-smart adventurer and master of deception, smuggled thousands of books and manuscripts past German guards. If caught, the men would have faced death by firing squad at Ponar, the mass-murder site outside of Vilna. To store the rescued manuscripts, poet Abraham Sutzkever helped build an underground book-bunker sixty feet beneath the Vilna ghetto. Kaczerginski smuggled weapons as well, using the group’s worksite, the former building of the Yiddish Scientific Institute, to purchase arms for the ghetto’s secret partisan organization. All the while, both men wrote poetry that was recited and sung by the fast-dwindling population of ghetto inhabitants. With the Soviet “liberation” of Vilna (now known as Vilnius), the Paper Brigade thought themselves and their precious cultural treasures saved—only to learn that their new masters were no more welcoming toward Jewish culture than the old, and the books must now be smuggled out of the USSR. Thoroughly researched by the foremost scholar of the Vilna Ghetto—a writer of exceptional daring, style, and reach—The Book Smugglers is an epic story of human heroism, a little-known tale from the blackest days of the war.
1125995367
The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis
The Book Smugglers is the nearly unbelievable story of ghetto residents who rescued thousands of rare books and manuscripts—first from the Nazis and then from the Soviets—by hiding them on their bodies, burying them in bunkers, and smuggling them across borders. It is a tale of heroism and resistance, of friendship and romance, and of unwavering devotion—including the readiness to risk one’s life—to literature and art. And it is entirely true. Based on Jewish, German, and Soviet documents, including diaries, letters, memoirs, and the author’s interviews with several of the story’s participants, The Book Smugglers chronicles the daring activities of a group of poets turned partisans and scholars turned smugglers in Vilna, “The Jerusalem of Lithuania.” The rescuers were pitted against Johannes Pohl, a Nazi “expert” on the Jews, who had been dispatched to Vilna by the Nazi looting agency, Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg, to organize the seizure of the city’s great collections of Jewish books. Pohl and his Einsatzstab staff planned to ship the most valuable materials to Germany and incinerate the rest. The Germans used forty ghetto inmates as slave-laborers to sort, select, pack, and transport the materials, either to Germany or to nearby paper mills. This group, nicknamed “the Paper Brigade,” and informally led by poet Shmerke Kaczerginski, a garrulous, street-smart adventurer and master of deception, smuggled thousands of books and manuscripts past German guards. If caught, the men would have faced death by firing squad at Ponar, the mass-murder site outside of Vilna. To store the rescued manuscripts, poet Abraham Sutzkever helped build an underground book-bunker sixty feet beneath the Vilna ghetto. Kaczerginski smuggled weapons as well, using the group’s worksite, the former building of the Yiddish Scientific Institute, to purchase arms for the ghetto’s secret partisan organization. All the while, both men wrote poetry that was recited and sung by the fast-dwindling population of ghetto inhabitants. With the Soviet “liberation” of Vilna (now known as Vilnius), the Paper Brigade thought themselves and their precious cultural treasures saved—only to learn that their new masters were no more welcoming toward Jewish culture than the old, and the books must now be smuggled out of the USSR. Thoroughly researched by the foremost scholar of the Vilna Ghetto—a writer of exceptional daring, style, and reach—The Book Smugglers is an epic story of human heroism, a little-known tale from the blackest days of the war.
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The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis

The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis

by David E. Fishman
The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis

The Book Smugglers: Partisans, Poets, and the Race to Save Jewish Treasures from the Nazis

by David E. Fishman

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$24.95 
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Overview

The Book Smugglers is the nearly unbelievable story of ghetto residents who rescued thousands of rare books and manuscripts—first from the Nazis and then from the Soviets—by hiding them on their bodies, burying them in bunkers, and smuggling them across borders. It is a tale of heroism and resistance, of friendship and romance, and of unwavering devotion—including the readiness to risk one’s life—to literature and art. And it is entirely true. Based on Jewish, German, and Soviet documents, including diaries, letters, memoirs, and the author’s interviews with several of the story’s participants, The Book Smugglers chronicles the daring activities of a group of poets turned partisans and scholars turned smugglers in Vilna, “The Jerusalem of Lithuania.” The rescuers were pitted against Johannes Pohl, a Nazi “expert” on the Jews, who had been dispatched to Vilna by the Nazi looting agency, Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg, to organize the seizure of the city’s great collections of Jewish books. Pohl and his Einsatzstab staff planned to ship the most valuable materials to Germany and incinerate the rest. The Germans used forty ghetto inmates as slave-laborers to sort, select, pack, and transport the materials, either to Germany or to nearby paper mills. This group, nicknamed “the Paper Brigade,” and informally led by poet Shmerke Kaczerginski, a garrulous, street-smart adventurer and master of deception, smuggled thousands of books and manuscripts past German guards. If caught, the men would have faced death by firing squad at Ponar, the mass-murder site outside of Vilna. To store the rescued manuscripts, poet Abraham Sutzkever helped build an underground book-bunker sixty feet beneath the Vilna ghetto. Kaczerginski smuggled weapons as well, using the group’s worksite, the former building of the Yiddish Scientific Institute, to purchase arms for the ghetto’s secret partisan organization. All the while, both men wrote poetry that was recited and sung by the fast-dwindling population of ghetto inhabitants. With the Soviet “liberation” of Vilna (now known as Vilnius), the Paper Brigade thought themselves and their precious cultural treasures saved—only to learn that their new masters were no more welcoming toward Jewish culture than the old, and the books must now be smuggled out of the USSR. Thoroughly researched by the foremost scholar of the Vilna Ghetto—a writer of exceptional daring, style, and reach—The Book Smugglers is an epic story of human heroism, a little-known tale from the blackest days of the war.

Product Details

ISBN-13: 9781512603309
Publisher: University Press of New England
Publication date: 09/04/2018
Pages: 312
Sales rank: 1,054,649
Product dimensions: 6.10(w) x 5.20(h) x 0.90(d)

About the Author

David E. Fishman is professor of Jewish history and director of Project Judaica at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York.  Mark Kupovetsky is executive director of the Center for Biblical and Jewish Studies at the Russian State University for the Humanities. Vladimir Kuzelenkov is director of the Russian State Military Archive. 

Table of Contents

Author’s Note • Dramatis Personae • Introduction • PART I: BEFORE THE WAR • Shmerke—The Life of the Party • The City of the Book • PART II: UNDER GERMAN OCCUPATION • The First Assault • Intellectuals in Hell • A Haven for Books and People • A Rescued Gem: The Record Book of the Vilna Gaon’s Synagogue • Accomplices or Saviors? • The Nazi, the Bard, and the Teacher • Ponar for Books • The Paper Brigade • The Art of Book Smuggling • A Rescued Gem: Herzl’s Diary • The Book and the Sword • Slave-Labor Curators and Scholars • From the Ghetto to the Forest • Death in Estonia • Miracle from Moscow • PART III: AFTER THE WAR • From under the Ground • A Museum Like No Other • A Rescued Gem: Sholem Aleichem’s Letters • Struggling under the Soviets • Tears in New York • The Decision to Leave • The Art of Book Smuggling—Again • Rachela’s Choice • The German Discovery • Parting Duties • A Rescued Gem: The Bust of Tolstoy and Other Russians • Wanderings: Poland and Prague • Paris • Return from Offenbach, or Kalmanovitch’s Prophecy • PART IV: FROM LIQUIDATION TO REDEMPTION • The Path to Liquidation • Later Lives • Forty Years in the Wilderness • Grains of Wheat • Acknowledgments • Notes • Glossary • Bibliography • Index

What People are Saying About This

Lynn Nicholas

“A fascinating addition to the literature of the cultural devastation of World War II and its aftermath that illuminates the little-known saga of the courageous efforts to save the precious libraries, manuscripts, and archives of the Jews of Eastern Europe.”

Aaron Lansky

“Riveting and often heart-pounding. . . . [Fishman] writes with a historian’s precision, but also with an eye for character and detail that rises to the level of literature. . . . Essential reading for anyone who cares about books, Jewish history, and the capacity of individuals to defy mighty regimes to keep civilization alive.”

Deborah Lipstadt

“We often forget that the Third Reich destroyed, in addition to a significant segment of the Jewish people, a treasure trove of Jewish cultural artifacts. The Book Smugglers tells the improbable story of the rescue of a portion of that trove—not once but twice.”

Rafi Rohrig

“As a Hungarian Jew I thought I knew a lot about the ghettos of Eastern Europe under the Nazis. David Fishman proved me wrong. His book brings fascinating new material to light. . . . It is a deeply researched work of a great scholar and a gripping, essential, and compelling read.”

Peter Hayes

“An inspiring portrait of ghetto inmates’ courage and fidelity in response to the Nazi regime’s plundering of Jewish culture in occupied Vilna.”

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