Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Section I: Introduction
1: The Community College's Importance and Controversiality
The Debate over the Community College The Aims of This Book The Content of the Chapters
2: The Debate Deepened
The Debate over the Effects of the Community College The Debate over Why Community Colleges Were Established The Debate over Why Community Colleges Were Vocationalized Summary and Conclusions
Section II: Outcomes
3: The Community College's Impact on Students, the Economy, and the Universities
The Impact on Business and the Economy The Impact on the Elite State Universities The Effects on Students
Access to Higher Education Educational Attainment Economic Attainment
Summary and Conclusions
4: How Does the Community College Hinder Baccalaureate Attainment?
Attrition in the Freshman and Sophomore Years Failure to Transfer to Four-Year Colleges Attrition after Transfer Summary and Conclusions
Section III: The Origins and Expansion of the Community College
5: The Founding of Community Colleges:Introduction
The Stages of Community College Growth Studying the Founding of Community Colleges Explaining Community College Expansion
6: Local-Level Institution Building: The Centrality of Local Educators
Private Interest Group Pressure Was Not the Main Cause The Key Role of Local School Officials and Other Educators
7: State-Level Advocates: The Interests of Governors and State University Officials
How Involved Were Nongovernmental Actors? Government Agencies and Officials Weigh In
8: National-Level Reinforcement of Local and State Initiatives
The Limited Impact of Private Interest Group Pressure Governmental Initiative
9: The Politics of Community College Founding: Summary and Conclusions
Convergences and Divergences with the Institutional Perspective From Diverse Origins to Contradictory Effects Explaining the Homogeneity of Community College Expansion
Section IV: The Origins of Occupational Education
10: The Vocationalization of the Community College: Introduction
The Timing of Occupational-Education Development Studying the Process of Vocationalization Explaining the Expansion of Occupational Education
11: Local-Level Vocationalization: Community College Heads as Vocational Entrepreneurs
Business and Student Demand Are an Insufficient Explanation Community College Officials Take the Lead
12: State Governors and Legislators Discover Occupational Education
Business and Student Pressure Are Not the Explanation The Interests of Government Officials
13: National-Level Support for Vocationalization
Governmental Initiative The Limited Impact of Private Pressure
14: The Politics of Vocationalization: Summary and Conclusions
Convergences and Divergences with the Institutional Perspective
Section V: Implications of the Research
15: From Research to Practice: The Policy Implications of the Community College's Impact on Students
The Noncollegiate Program
The Reforms Detailed Evaluation: These Reforms Would Exacerbate the Problem Hindering Baccalaureate Aspirants Gutting General Education
The Collegiate Program
The Collegiate Reforms Detailed
Reducing Attrition in the Lower Division Increasing the Transfer Rate Reducing Post-Transfer Attrition
Evaluation: These Reforms Are Necessary but Insufficient
Structural Reform
Transforming Community Colleges into Four-Year Colleges Converting Community Colleges into State University Branches
Summary and Conclusions
16: From Research to Theory: Implications for Educational History and Politics and Political Sociology
Educational Change Politics of Education Political Sociology Conclusion
Notes
References
Index
