Table of Contents
Introduction 10
Acknowledgments 15
c. 60,000 BCE Herbs 16
c. 10,000 BCE Alcohol 18
c. 5000 BCE Alchemy 20
c. 3000 BCE Cannabis 22
c. 2737 BCE Tea 24
c. 2500 BCE Opium 26
c. 1550 BCE Smith and Ebers Papyri 28
c. 500 BCE Rauwolfia 30
399 BCE Hemlock 32
c. 200 BCE Mandrake 34
c. 65 BCE Theriac of Mithridates 36
c. 60 Materia Medica 38
c. 70 Colchicine 40
c. 800 Coffee 42
1250 Arsenic 44
1456 Witches' Flying Ointments 46
1532 Coca 48
1542 Belladonna 50
1602 Antimonials 52
1623 Patent Medicines 54
1639 Cinchona Bark 56
1670 Ergot 58
1676 Laudanum 60
1681 Ferrous Sulfate 62
1682 Ipecac 64
1704 Hydrogen Cyanide 66
1753 Clinical Testing of Drugs 68
1762 Aconite 70
1774 Tetrodotoxin 72
1775 Digitalis 74
1793 Calomel 76
1796 Smallpox Vaccine 78
1796 Homeopathic Medicine 80
1797 Absinthe 82
1806 Alkaloids 84
1806 Morphine 86
1818 Strychnine 88
1819 Caffeine 90
1820 Quinine 92
1831 Atropine 94
1832 Codeine 96
1839 Medical Marijuana 98
1844 Nitrous Oxide 100
1846 Ether 102
1847 Chloroform 104
1850 Curare 106
1857 Bromides 108
1867 Phenol 110
1869 Chloral Hydrate 112
1875 Digitoxin 114
1875 Physostigmine 116
1879 Nitroglycerin 118
1881 Scopolamine 120
1882 Paraldehyde 122
1884 Cocaine 124
1888 Theophylline 126
1897 Mescaline 128
1898 Heroin 130
1899 Aspirin 132
1901 Epinephrine/Adrenaline 134
1902 Phenolphthalein 136
1903 Barbital 138
1905 Atoxyl 140
1905 Novocain 142
1905 Drug Receptors 144
1906 Pure Food and Drug Act 146
1906 Food and Drug Administration 148
1909 Oxytocin 150
1910 Salvarsan 152
1912 Phenobarbital 154
1912 Quinidine 156
1914 Thyroxine 158
1916 Heparin 160
1920 Neurotransmitters 162
1920 Merbaphen 164
1921 Carbon Tetrachloride 166
1921 Insulin 168
1924 Hexylresorcinol 170
1925 Ergotamine and Ergonovine 172
1927 Insulin Shock Therapy 174
1927 Thimerosal 176
1928 Penicillin 178
1928 Nembutal and Seconal 180
1929 Estrone and Estrogen 182
1932 Amphetamine 184
1933 Progesterone and Progestin 186
1933 Dinitrophenol 188
1934 Thiopental 190
1935 Tubocurarine 192
1935 Prontosil 194
1935 Testosterone 196
1935 Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine 198
1936 Tabun and Sarin 200
1936 Sulfanilamide 202
1937 Dapsone 204
1938 Diethylstilbestrol 206
1938 Dilantin 208
1938 Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 210
1939 DDT 212
1939 Percorten 214
1940 Warfarin 216
1941 Premarin 218
1942 Nitrogen Mustard 220
1943 LSD 222
1944 Streptomycin 224
1944 Neo-Antergan 226
1944 Methamphetamine 228
1945 Fluorides 230
1946 Benadryl 232
1946 Radioiodine 234
1947 Methadone 236
1947 Drug Metabolism 238
1947 Chloroquine 240
1947 Amethopterin and Methotrexate 242
1948 Tetracyclines 244
1948 Xylocaine 246
1949 Lithium 248
1949 Chloramphenicol 250
1949 Cortisone 252
1951 Succinylcholine 254
1951 Isoniazid 256
1951 Malathion 258
1951 Phenergan 260
1951 Benemid 262
1952 Chlorpromazine 264
1952 Reserpine 266
1952 Iproniazid 268
1952 Erythromycin 270
1952 Diamox 272
1953 Acetaminophen/Paracetamol 274
1953 Mercaptopurine 276
1954 Nystatin 278
1954 Polio Vaccine 280
1955 Meprobamate 282
1955 Placebos 284
1955 Ritalin 286
1956 Dianabol 288
1956 Amphotericin B 290
1957 Orinase 292
1957 Thalidomide 294
1957 Tofranil and Elavil 296
1958 Griseofulvin 298
1958 Glucophage 300
1958 Diuril 302
1958 Haldol 304
1958 Vinca Alkaloids 306
1958 Dextromethorphan 308
1959 Flagyl 310
1960 Librium 312
1960 Enovid 314
1961 Ampicillin 316
1961 Hexachlorophene 318
1961 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors 320
1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment 322
1962 Off-Label Drug Use 324
1963 Valium 326
1963 Gentamicin 328
1964 Propranolol 330
1964 Cephalothin 332
1966 Lasix 334
1966 Zyloprim 336
1967 Rifampin 338
1967 Clomid 340
1967 Valproic Acid 342
1967 Phencyclidine 344
1968 Levodopa 346
1968 Albuterol/Salbutamol 348
1968 RhoGAM 350
1968 Fentanyl 352
1968 Butazolidin 354
1972 Praziquantel 356
1972 Artemisinin 358
1973 Opioids 360
1973 Tamoxifen 362
1975 Rohypnol 364
1976 Beclovent 366
1976 Tagamet 368
1976 MDMA/Ecstasy 370
1977 Lethal Injection 372
1978 Timoptic 374
1981 Captopril 376
1981 Xanax 378
1982 Acyclovir 380
1982 Biologic Drugs 382
1982 Human Insulin 384
1982 Accutane 386
1983 Cyclosporine/Ciclosporin 388
1983 Propofol 390
1985 Growth Hormone 392
1986 Crack Cocaine 394
1986 BuSpar 396
1987 AZT/Retrovir 398
1987 Cipro 400
1987 Mevacor 402
1987 Prozac 404
1987 Ivermectin 406
1987 tRV 408
1988 Rogaine 410
1988 Mifepristone 412
1989 Prilosec 414
1989 Clozapine 416
1989 Epoetin 418
1989 Botox 420
1991 Imitrex 422
1991 Nicotine Replacement Therapy 424
1991 Neupogen 426
1992 Proscar and Propecia 428
1992 Ambien 430
1993 Cognex and Aricept 432
1993 Claritin 434
1994 Ephedra/Ephedrine 436
1994 Dietary Supplements 438
1995 Fosamax 440
1996 HAART 442
1996 OxyContin 444
1996 Zyprexa 446
1997 Plavix 448
1997 Direct-to-Consumer Ads 450
1997 Synthroid 452
1997 Evista 454
1997 Flomax 456
1998 Celebrex and Vioxx 458
1998 Viagra 460
1998 Herceptin 462
1998 Enbrel, Remicade, and Humira 464
1999 Plan B 466
2001 Gleevec/Glivec 468
2003 Iressa and Erbitux 470
2003 17P/ Progesterone Injections and Gel 472
2003 Resveratrol 474
2004 Avastin 476
2006 Gardasil 478
2006 Chantix/Champix 480
2006 Lucentis 482
2010 Avandia 484
2010 Provenge 486
2010 Gilenya 488
2010 Prescription Drug Abuse 490
2010 Weight-Loss Drugs 492
2010 Pradaxa 494
2011 Viread 496
2011 Victrelis and Incivek 498
2011 Benlysta 500
2012 Broad-Spectrum Sunscreens 502
2012 Kalydeco 504
2014 Anti-Alzheimer's Drugs 506
2015 Female Viagra 508
2018 Smart Drugs 510
2020 Antiaging Drugs 512
2020 Gene Therapy 514
Further Reading 516
Index 526
Photo Credits 528