The Earthscan Reader in Poverty and Biodiversity Conservation / Edition 1

by Dilys Roe, Joanna Elliott

Overview

In the last decade biodiversity loss and persistent poverty in developing countries have been recognised as major international problems that require urgent attention. However, the nature and scale of the links between these two problems, and between efforts to address them, has been the subject of much heated debate. Understanding the different elements of this debate is critical if we are to move towards constructive solutions. This Reader provides a guide to, and commentary on, the different strands of the current conservation-poverty debate through a selection of key readings from both the conservation and development literature including policy documents, journal articles and reports. The breadth of material will help readers, including both students and professionals, to locate current debates within their wider contexts. Among the areas of debate covered are: ' The lack of attention to biodiversity concerns in international development policy ' The social implications of protectionist conservation policy ' The roles and responsibilities of conservation NGOs towards local communities ' The links between climate change, biodiversity and poverty reduction, and in particular the implication of discussions around reduced emissions from deforestation (REDD) as a climate change mitigation strategy.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781844078424
Publisher:	Taylor & Francis
Publication date:	02/26/2010
Series:	Earthscan Reader Series
Edition description:	1
Pages:	416
Product dimensions:	6.40(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.40(d)

About the Author

Dilys Roe is a Senior Researcher in the Natural Resources Group at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London, UK. Joanna Elliott is Vice President for Program Design and Knowledge Management at the African Wildlife Foundation.

Table of Contents

List of Figures, Tables and Boxes ix

About the Editors xi

Chapter Sources xii

Acknowledgements xv

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xvi

1 Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Reduction: An Introduction to the Debate Dilys Roe Joanna Elliott 1

Part 1 Linking Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Reduction: Where, How and Why?

Editors' Introduction 15

2 Biodiversity Conservation and the Eradication of Poverty William M. Adams Ros Aveling Dan Brockington Barney Dickson Joanna Elliott Jon Hutton Dilys Roe Bhaskar Vira William Wolmer 18

3 Linking Conservation and Poverty Reduction: Landscapes, People and Power Robert Fisher Stewart Maginnis William Jackson Edmund Barrow Sally Jeanrenaud 27

4 Poverty, Development and Biodiversity Conservation: Shooting in the Dark? Arun Agrawal Kent Redford 42

5 Livelihoods, Forests and Conservation in Developing Countries: An Overview William D. Sunderlin Arild Angelsen Brian Belcher Paul Burgers Robert Nasi Levania Santoso Sven Wunder 48

Part 2 Conservation's Place in International Development

Editors' Introduction 67

6 Integrating the Rio Conventions into Development Cooperation: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 71

7 Wildlife and Poverty Study: Department for International Development (DFID) 75

8 Striking a Balance: Ensuring Conservations Place on the International Biodiversity Assistance Agenda Nicholas P. Lapham Rebecca J. Livermore 78

9 Report of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group of Review of Implementation of the Convention: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 104

10 Contested Relationships between Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation Steven Sanderson Kent Redford 118

11 Poverty and Conservation: The New Century's 'Peasant Question?' Steven Sanderson 122

12 Making Poverty Reduction Irreversible: Development Implications of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Steve Bass 128

Part 3 Conservation Policy and Protectionism

Editors' Introduction 139

13 Protected Areas and Poverty-The Linkages and How to Address Them Thomas O. McShane 145

14 Conservation Policy and Indigenous Peoples Marcus Colchester 147

15 The Role of Protected Areas in Conserving Biodiversity and Sustaining Local Livelihoods Lisa Naughton-Treves Margaret Buck Holland Katrina Brandon 157

16 Eviction for Conservation: A Global Overview Dan Brockington Jim Igoe 165

17 Political Ecology and the Costs and Benefits of Protected Areas William M. Adams Jon Hutton 174

18 A Property Rights Approach to Understanding Human Displacement from Protected Areas: The Case of Marine Protected Areas Michael B. Mascia C. Anne Claus 187

Part 4 Conservation NGOs and Poor People

Editors' Introduction 201

19 Two Agendas on Amazon Development Coordinating Body for the Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin (COICA) 206

20 International Conservation Organizations and the Fate of Local Tropical Forest Conservation Initiatives Claudia Romero German I. Andrade 209

21 A Challenge to Conservationists Mac Chapin 214

22 Conservation, Development and Poverty Alleviation: Time for a Change in Attitudes John F. Oates 231

23 Conserving What and for Whom? Why Conservation Should Help Meet Basic Needs in the Tropics David Kaimowitz Douglas Sheil 245

24 Disentangling the Links between Conservation and Poverty Reduction in Practice Matt Walpole Lizzie Wilder 260

Part 5 New Developments: Ecosystem Services, Carbon and Climate Change

Editors' Introduction 279

25 Ecosystems and Human Weil-Being: Current State and Trends Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 283

26 Selling Out on Nature (and letter in response) Douglas J. McCauley 294

27 Payments for Environmental Services and the Poor: Concepts and Preliminary Evidence Sven Wunder 300

28 Climate, Carbon, Conservation and Communities Dilys Roe Hannah Reid Kit Vaughan Emily Brickell Joanna Elliott 320

29 Protecting the Future: Carbon, Forests, Protected Areas and Local Livelihoods Alison Campbell Sarah Clark Lauren Coad Leva Miles Katharine Bolt Dilys Roe 330

30 Seeing 'REDD'? Forests, Climate Change Mitigation and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities Tom Griffiths 341

Part 6 Moving Beyond the Debate: The Need for Conservation-Poverty Partnerships

Editors' Introduction 361

31 Partnerships for Conservation and Poverty Reduction Matt Walpole 363

32 Common Ground between Anthropology and Conservation Biology J. Peter Brosius 367

33 Thinking Like a Human: Social Science and the Two Cultures Problem William M. Adams 372

Additional Resources 377

Index 387

Editorial Reviews

'We are at the threshold of an exciting but fraught new paradigm that compels conservation NGOs to shift from the notion that nature must be protected from people, to embracing the realization that natural systems must be conserved for people. This timely and important book is a must read for all who are ready to explore and examine the challenging new frontier that links conservation with human well-being.' – Steve McCormick, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, USA

'Biodiversity provides essential goods and services that people everywhere - above all poor people — depend on. And it helps people cope with change and manage risk. Yet too often development erodes biodiversity, and too often conservation has been promoted without engaging poor people and without caring for their needs and rights. This book provides a valuable toolkit that will assist all those seeking to eradicate poverty, conserve biodiversity, and manage the trade-offs between these fundamental goals.' – David Cooper, Secretariat, Convention on Biological Diversity

'This book provides a stark reminder that one group's biosphere is another group's backyard. The rich biodiversity of our forests, coasts, and grasslands stands in contrast with the poverty of the people living there. The plants, people, and animals in these landscapes are inextricably connected. In this outstanding reader leading experts describe and debate those connections. No easy answers here, but who said life was simple. This is definitely worth the read.' – David Kaimowitz, Ford Foundation

'The collection of writings thoroughly explains the complex relationships between conservation and poverty reduction. It is possible to imagine motivated and careful readers to become well enough informed after finishing this book to work in the field or want to.' – Crosslands: Bulletin on Business, Law and the Environment

'The editors have drawn together a galaxy of authors who bring expertise on all aspects of biodiversity loss, conservation, poverty and its alleviation. In fact the book may be regarded as a manual on these two subjects with a wealth of references, experiences and perspectives.' – Professor John Hodges, AGRI

'The breadth of material will help readers, including students and professionals, to locate current debates within their wider contexts.' – Abstracts of Public Administration, Development, and Environment.

"The editors (Dilys Roe and Joanna Elliot) have carefully structured the Reader to cover a range of important issues and provide a clear and helpful commentary on the individual articles ... Many of the articles are thought provoking and likely to stimulate renewed discussion on the difficult questions that confront those interested in the topic" – Toby Hodgkin, Experimental Agriculture

From the Publisher