Table of Contents
Murphy's Inner World of Aphasia: A Short Story.
1. Stroke and the Ability to Communicate.
The Talking Animal.
The Brain and the Power of Speech.
The Brain Operates Holistically.
The Special Case of Left-Handed People.
Speech and Language Centers of the Brain.
Blood Supply to the Brain.
Strokes.
2. Loss of Language.
The "Big Three" Communication Disorders.
Aphasia: More Than a Speech Disorder.
Aphasia Disrupts All Avenues of Communication.
Three General Types of Reading Problems. Most Aphasic Individuals Write Like They Speak. Simple Arithmetic Can Be Impaired in Aphasia. Use and Understanding of Gestures.
Broca's Aphasia.
Automatic Speech.
Wernicke's Aphasia.
Types of Naming Mistakes: Rhyme and Reason.
Awareness of Naming Mistakes and the Ability to Correct Them.
3. Motor Speech Disorders.
Apraxia of Speech: A Tangled Tongue.
The Speech Programming Computer.
Dysarthria: The Paralyzed Tongue.
The Muscle Regulating Computers. The Coordinating Computer. Other Computer Malfunctions.
4. Complications.
Exaggerated Emotions.
Panic Attacks.
Difficulty Shifting Thoughts.
Echoed Speech.
Perceptual Disorders.
Loss of Half the World.
Eating Problems.
5. Loss of Awareness.
Coma.
Disorientation.
Confusion or Aphasic Naming Errors?
Memory Problems.
Attention. Storage. Recall. Human Memory Banks and Libraries. Amnesia Before and After the Stroke. Accurate Diagnosis of Memory Deficits.
Behavioral Problems.
Improving Awareness.
RealityOrientation.
6. Thinking without Language.
What Is Thinking?
Problem-Solving and Free-Floating Thought.
Units of Thought.
Images.
Words.
Other Kinds of Thinking.
Higher Level Thinking.
Mr. Robinson.
7. Depression and the Stroke Survivor.
More Than Sadness.
Crying.
Feelings of Guilt and Worthlessness.
Self-Esteem.
The Patient's Self-Concept: Images and Definitions.
Improving Body Image.
The Value of Praise.
Allow a Wide Range of Emotional Expression.
Label the Disorders.
Time Structuring.
Counseling.
Positive and Constructive Attitudes.
Positive Environments.
Antidepressant Medications.
8. Anxiety and the Stroke Survivor.
Fight or Flight Response.
Anxiety Levels: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.
Anxiety and the Stroke Patient.
Decisions, Decisions, Decisions.
Approach-Approach Conflicts. Avoidance-Avoidance Conflicts. Simple Approach-Avoidance Conflicts. Double Approach-Avoidance Conflicts.
Coping with Anxiety.
Avoidance. Escape. Ego Restriction. Defense Mechanisms.
Calming the Seas.
9. Maintaining Relationships.
Bridging Troubled Waters.
The Stroke Survivor's Perspective.
Nonverbal Communication.
Personal Space.
Personal Territory.
Touching.
Body Language.
Family Dynamics.
Give and Take.
Communication and Money.
Communication and Social Activities.
Communication and Family Routines.
Intimate Communication.
10. Accepting Unwanted Change.
Dimensions of Loss.
Psychological Separation. Loss of Objects. Loss of Self.
The Process of Accepting Unwanted Change.
The Road to Acceptance.
"I Don't Believe It." "Why Me?" Grieving Depression. Acceptance.
Helping the Grieving Process.
Allow Control. Provide Perspective. Acknowledge the Losses. Listen Quietly. Avoid Rewarding Denial. Do Not Punish Anger. Avoid Bargaining. Do Not Provide Secondary Gains. Avoid Early Distractions. Provide Companionship during Depression.
11. Speech and Language Rehabilitation.
Self-Healing.
Competent Clinicians.
Certificates of Clinical Competence.
The Value of Therapy.
Evaluating Communication Disorders in the Stroke Patient.
Categories and Labels.
Formal Speech and Language Testing.
Testing for Dysarthria. Testing for Apraxia of Speech. Testing for Aphasia. Testing for Swallowing Problems. Additional Evaluation Information.
Philosophy of Treatment.
The Role of the Speech-Language Clinician.
Therapy for the Dysarthrias.
Therapy for Apraxia of Speech.
Therapy for Aphasia.
Therapy for Swallowing Problems.
Aphasic Patient's Bill of Rights.
12. Questions and Answers.
Glossary.
For Further Reading and Research.
Appendix A: Associations and Agencies.
Appendix B: Aphasia Community Groups.
Index.
