The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War

by Donald Stoker

Overview

Despite the abundance of books on the Civil War, not one has focused exclusively on what was in fact the determining factor in the outcome of the conflict: differences in Union and Southern strategy. In The Grand Design, Donald Stoker provides for the first time a comprehensive and often surprising account of strategy as it evolved between Fort Sumter and Appomattox. Reminding us that strategy is different from tactics (battlefield deployments) and operations (campaigns conducted in pursuit of a strategy), Stoker examines how Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis identified their political goals and worked with their generals to craft the military means to achieve them--or how they often failed to do so. Stoker shows that Davis, despite a West Point education and experience as Secretary of War, ultimately failed as a strategist by losing control of the political side of the war. Lincoln, in contrast, evolved a clear strategic vision, but he failed for years to make his generals implement it. And while Robert E. Lee was unerring in his ability to determine the Union's strategic heart--its center of gravity--he proved mistaken in his assessment of how to destroy it. Historians have often argued that the North's advantages in population and industry ensured certain victory. In The Grand Design, Stoker reasserts the centrality of the overarching plan on each side, arguing convincingly that it was strategy that determined the result of America's great national conflict.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780199752560
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	07/20/2010
Series:	Strategy and the U.S. Civil War
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Sales rank:	750,575
File size:	5 MB

About the Author

Donald Stoker is Professor of Strategy and Policy for the U.S. Naval War College's program at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California.

Table of Contents

Preface 1. 'We only want to be left alone.' - The Confederacy's Political Objective and the Union's Rebuttal 2. Making War a Little at a Time 3. Mr. Lincoln Goes to War 4. The Border States: Policy, Strategy, and Civil-Military Relations 5. King Cotton's Tarnished Crown: Confederate Economic and Diplomatic Strategies 6. McClellan on Top: The Evolution of Union Strategy, July 1861 - March 1862 7. The Foundations of Naval Strategy 8. The War in the West - Breaking the Cordon 9. A New Year and a New Strategy 10. War in Virginia 11. The Summer of 1862 in the West 12. To Free Maryland and Tennessee! 13. The Union Rebuffed: The Autumn of 1862 14. The Emancipation Proclamation - Strategy, Policy, and Escalation 15. 1863: A New Year and New Hopes 16. Vicksburg and Exhaustion 17. The Cruel Summer: 1863 - The Gettysburg Campaign 18. From Vicksburg, to Chickamauga, to the Rappahannock 19. Indecision and the West 20. Decision and Desperation, 1864 21. The Full Fury of Modern War - Exhaustion and Attrition 22. War Termination Some Conclusions Acknowledgments Notes Index

Editorial Reviews

Winner of the 2010 Fletcher Pratt Award

"The Grand Design provides readers with a handy guide to Civil War strategies and strategists. It makes a convincing case that the North won the war in large part because Lincoln and the best of his generals were better strategists than their counterparts in Dixie."—James M. McPherson, North and South Magazine

"Finally, a Civil War study that reveals why strategy mattered to Union victory. Clearly and forcefully, The Grand Design shows how the Union learned to use its military force in pursuit of its political objectives."—William L. Barney, author of The Making of a Confederate

"A superbly written, well-researched, and detailed analysis.... Stoker's first-rate study revives the role of strategy in the conversation on why the Union won the Civil War." —Howard Jones, University of Alabama, author of Mutiny on the Amistad

"Donald Stoker breaks with a generation's worth of cliches in this stimulating and persuasive demonstration that the Civil War's crucial contrast was not between ideas or resource bases. It involved strategy.... As good a book on the Civil War as I've read for a decade."—Dennis Showalter, author of Patton and Rommel: Men of War in the 20th Century

"Stoker's grand overview of strategy is a welcome introduction to the big picture of the Civil War. Too often, the American Civil War is read as an ill-fitting string of tactical incidents, determined almost entirely by the personalities of successful generals. Looked at in Stoker's bird's-eye fashion, the large-scale strategic picture, as well as the large-scale strategic mistakes, finally begin to become clear."—Allen C. Guelzo, Director, Civil War Era Studies at Gettysburg College, author of Lincoln and Douglas

"Donald Stoker's book offers a new way of looking at both the military and political history of the Civil War, and does so from a strategic vantage point far above that to which we have been accustomed. The Grand Design represents and important advance in our understanding of this momentous event."—Steven E. Woodsworth, author of Nothing but Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861-1865

"A signal contribution to understanding the dynamics of the war." —Library Journal

"Mr. Stoker has written a fascinating study of why strategy mattered in the American Civil War. With excellent maps at important points in his narrative, he clearly leads the reader through the conflict. He also makes it evident that Lincoln masterfully managed the resources at his disposal; and his counterpart did not. Mr. Stoker's work should be on the shelf of anyone interested in the American Civil War. —NY Journal of Books

"Stoker examines all aspects of the war, blending political and military details very successfully, to assert his belief that the war's outcome boiled down, primarily, to President Lincoln's superior strategic plan."—Confederate Book Review

"Despite some doubts over the book's fundamental perspective, one cannot praise too highly the depth and acuity of the analysis that Stoker deploys in a trenchant and refreshingly well-written book, mercifully free of dreary jargon. Stoker touches upon most of the debates among Civil War historians. He downplays the overall significance of technology, arguing that it mainly affected tactics, not strategy, though such an assertion underestimates the strategic significance of railroads.... Yet there can be no denying that henceforth no historian of the subject can afford to ignore Stoker's views, and the legions of Civil War readers must be prepared to have their horizons stretched."—Brian Holden Reid, Civil War Book Review

"Military-minded Civil War aficionados will find much appeal in the treatment of strategy emphasized in this book."—St. Louis Post-Dispatch

"Stoker's book on the changing strategies of the military and civilian leaders in the North and South during the conflict casts a fresh light on what remains the most decisive and harrowing war in U.S. history. Stoker presents us with a picture of what Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis and their respective generals thought they should be doing, and with the advantage of hindsight, he evaluates the strategic concepts on both sides of the divide. Students of the Confederacy will find it interesting that he criticizes both Davis and General Joseph Johnston. The study of grand strategy is undergoing a much-needed revival at American universities; this clear and incisive book is a useful addition to the syllabus."—Foreign Affairs

"Superb examination of Civil War strategy. Of the numerous books on the American Civil War, few have explored in depth the critical role of strategy in determining the outcome of this nation's bloodiest conflict. On the eve of the sequicentennial of that war, Donald Stoker fills that gap with a superb examination of the larger employment of military power beyond the battlefield."ARMY Magazine

"For the Civil War buff: As we head into the 150th anniversary of the War Between the States, armchair historians will want to keep up with the sesquicentennial. There is no shortage of excellent guides to the conflict. A recent one that I've enjoyed dipping into is The Grand Design: Strategy and the U.S. Civil War, by Donald Stoker. Rather than a blow-by-blow account of battles and operations, it describes the strategic objectives of North and South and how civilian and military leaders tried to realize them."—National Review Online

"The Grand Design is not for your basic Civil War buff, but it is an intense read on tactics, operations, and strategies that lead you to a deeper understanding of what we were really fighting for and how chance, vision, and perserverance actually led to the restoration of our country."—Sacramento Book Review

"This book will most likely generate controversy. The author has written a study that merits attention. He crafts the work with extensive use of correspondence between the governments and their generals as the civilians and military officers wrestled with the difficulties of implementing strategy. While not everyone will agree with the author's judgments and conclusions, Stoker's book is well worth reading."—Civil War News

"The Grand Design is an excellent look at Civil War strategy with lessons that can be applied today."—Military Review

"Stoker takes his readers on a fascinating tour of the big picture that offers lessons on military theory that are accessible to the layperson. Within this book are surprising, but well argued, assessments of the successes and mistakes of familiar Civil War figures." - The Civil War Monitor

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