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Overview
Is speech in the mouth or in the brain? Do we hear with our ears or our minds? The answer is: both. The sounds of language are both physical objects and cognitive constructs. The physical aspects of speech are the province of phonetics: sound waves that are produced by the movement of articulators and received by the ear. Phonology, by contrast, studies cognitive aspects: systematic patterns in the ways that languages combine sounds to create meaning. Many books look at phonology and phonetics as separate disciplines. This book looks at the interaction between the two.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780262542647 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | MIT Press |
| Publication date: | 02/02/2021 |
| Pages: | 328 |
| Product dimensions: | 6.01(w) x 9.18(h) x 0.68(d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
List of Figures and Tables viii
Preface xi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Phonology vs phonetics 1
1.2 Outline of this book 3
Recommended reading 5
Questions for further discussion 6
2 Approaches to the Interface 7
2.1 The beginnings of the phonology/phonetics dichotomy 7
2.2 What is "real"? Phonological structure vs phonetic substance 10
2.3 Phonetics as linguistics: modularity 14
2.4 Phonology without phonetics and phonetics without phonology 19
Recommended reading 23
Questions for further discussion 24
3 ABCs: Segments, Transcription, and the Building Blocks of Inventories 25
3.1 The delimitation of units 25
3.2 Segmentation 27
3.3 Orthographies 30
3.4 Phonetic transcription 34
3.5 Selecting the inventory 42
3.6 Phonetic parameters and phonological features 46
3.7 The units of signed languages 47
Recommended reading 50
Questions for further discussion 51
4 Distinctive Feature Theory 53
4.1 Features and the goals of phonology 53
4.2 Historical background 54
4.3 Theories of distinctive features 56
4.4 What if there is no canon of features? 79
Recommended reading 83
Questions for further discussion 84
5 Rules and Derivations 86
5.1 Background and antecedents 86
5.2 The SPE model 92
5.3 Non-universal phonetics 97
5.4 Lexical and post-lexical phonology 101
5.5 Phonological and phonetic rules 104
5.6 A porous border? 109
Recommended reading 111
Questions for further discussion 112
6 Markedness, Naturalness, and Abstraction 114
6.1 What is "markedness"? 114
6.2 Natural and unnatural phonology 119
6.3 Optimality Theory 123
6.4 Phonetics in phonology 127
6.5 Evolutionary Phonology 132
6.6 Learning biases 135
6.7 The role of markedness in phonology 137
Recommended reading 138
Questions for further discussion 139
7 Suprasegmentals: Syllables, Stress, and Phrasing 140
7.1 "Segmental" vs "suprasegmental" 140
7.2 The prosodic hierarchy 143
7.3 The syllable 145
7.4 Stress 150
7.5 The phonological word and phrase 155
Recommended reading 161
Questions for further discussion 162
8 Intonation and Tone 163
8.1 The linguistic uses of pitch 163
8.2 Intonation 165
8.3 Tone 177
Recommended reading 185
Questions for further discussion 187
9 Articulatory Phonology 188
9.1 Towards an Articulatory Phonology 188
9.2 Gestures as units of contrast 189
9.3 Alternation as gestural reorganization 193
9.4 Is all phonology Articulatory Phonology? 199
9.5 Constraining timing relations 202
9.6 Extendingthe model 210
Recommended reading 212
Questions for further discussion 213
10 Speech Perception, Exemplar Theory, and the Mental Lexicon 215
10.1 Hearing and speech perception 215
10.2 Speech perception influences phonology 220
10.3 Phonology influences speech perception 223
10.4 Units of perception 229
10.5 Exemplar Theory 234
10.6 Perception and representation 238
Recommended reading 240
Questions for further discussion 241
11 Conclusions and Directions for Future Research 243
11.1 Questions and some possible answers 243
11.2 Some big unanswered questions 253
11.3 Directions for future research 257
11.4 Revisiting the metaphors 258
Recommended reading 262
Questions for further discussion 262
References 264
Index 301