The Roots of Rural Capitalism: Western Massachusetts, 1780-1860

by Christopher Clark

Overview

Between the late colonial period and the Civil War, the countryside of the American northeast was largely transformed. Rural New England changed from a society of independent farmers relatively isolated from international markets into a capitalist economy closely linked to the national market, an economy in which much farming and manufacturing output was produced by wage labor. Using the Connecticut Valley as an example, The Roots of Rural Capitalism demonstrates how this important change came about.

Christopher Clark joins the active debate on the "transition to capitalism" with a fresh interpretation that integrates the insights of previous studies with the results of his detailed research. Largely rejecting the assumption of recent scholars that economic change can be explained principally in terms of markets, he constructs a broader social history of the rural economy and traces the complex interactions of social structure, household strategies, gender relations, and cultural values that propelled the countryside from one economic system to another. Above all, he shows that people of rural Massachusetts were not passive victims of changes forced upon them, but actively created a new economic world as they tried to secure their livelihoods under changing demographic and economic circumstances.

The emergence of rural capitalism, Clark maintains, was not the result of a single "transition"; rather, it was an accretion of new institutions and practices that occurred over two generations, and in two broad chronological phases. It is his singular contribution to demonstrate the coexistence of a family-based household economy (persisting well into the nineteenth century) and the market-oriented system of production and exchange that is generally held to have emerged full-blown by the eighteenth century. He is adept at describing the clash of values sustaining both economies, and the ways in which the rural household-based economy, through a process he calls "involution," ultimately gave way to a new order. His analysis of the distinctive role of rural women in this transition constitutes a strong new element in the study of gender as a factor in the economic, social, and cultural shifts of the period.

Sophisticated in argument and engaging in presentation, this book will be recognized as a major contribution to the history of capitalism and society in nineteenth-century America.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780801424229
Publisher:	Cornell University Press
Publication date:	04/02/1990
Pages:	352
Product dimensions:	6.12(w) x 9.25(h) x 1.06(d)
Age Range:	18 Years

About the Author

Christopher Clark is Senior Lecturer in History at the University of York, in England.

What People are Saying About This

Robert A. Gross

Moving deftly from the concrete to the abstract, interweaving his evidence and analysis with great subtlety, Clark manages to convey, in persuasive, palpable terms, the gradual but inexorable transformation of an entire social order.

From the Publisher

"A major contribution. Clark has made a signal addition to our understanding of the emergence of capitalism in the countryside in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century. He has a keen sense of the theoretical significance of the current debate and has shaped his research to contribute to ongoing arguments. He makes a strong case for the emergence of a qualitatively different kind of rural economy in the years between 1780 and 1860 and has set a standard that future scholars will be hard-pressed to meet."

Editorial Reviews

Christopher Clark's book is the latest and fullest entry into the debate about the mentalité of farmers in the preindustrial United States and the social meanings of the 'great transformation' in the countryside. Focusing on the Connecticut River valley in western Massachusetts between the American Revolution and the Civil War, The Roots of Rural Capitalism is an important and multifaceted study that advances this debate to new levels of nuance and sophistication.

Journal of American History

"Moving deftly from the concrete to the abstract, interweaving his evidence and analysis with great subtlety, Clark manages to convey, in persuasive, palpable terms, the gradual but inexorable transformation of an entire social order."

Robert A. Gross

A major contribution. Clark has made a signal addition to our understanding of the emergence of capitalism in the countryside in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century. He has a keen sense of the theoretical significance of the current debate and has shaped his research to contribute to ongoing arguments. He makes a strong case for the emergence of a qualitatively different kind of rural economy in the years between 1780 and 1860 and has set a standard that future scholars will be hard-pressed to meet.

William and Mary Quarterly

A major contribution. Clark has made a signal addition to our understanding of the emergence of capitalism in the countryside in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century. He has a keen sense of the theoretical significance of the current debate and has shaped his research to contribute to ongoing arguments. He makes a strong case for the emergence of a qualitatively different kind of rural economy in the years between 1780 and 1860 and has set a standard that future scholars will be hard-pressed to meet.

-- "William and Mary Quarterly"

Christopher Clark's book is the latest and fullest entry into the debate about the mentalité of farmers in the preindustrial United States and the social meanings of the 'great transformation' in the countryside. Focusing on the Connecticut River valley in western Massachusetts between the American Revolution and the Civil War, The Roots of Rural Capitalism is an important and multifaceted study that advances this debate to new levels of nuance and sophistication.

-- "Journal of American History"

From the Publisher