The Spastic Forms of Cerebral Palsy: A Guide to the Assessment of Adaptive Functions / Edition 1

by Adriano Ferrari, Giovanni Cioni

Overview

by A. Berthoz The publication of this volume, edited by Adriano Ferrari and Giovanni Cioni, is a major event for several reasons. Most importantly, it concerns an area of child pathology that has yet to be fully explored. In this context, the authors’ efforts to compile their observations as well as those of other clinicians and to elaborate their theories have resulted in an ess- tial step in the field of cerebral palsy (CP). The originality of the book is its very clear focus, while at the same time the authors have encouraged the book’s contributors to express their ideas and personal opinions. This leads sometimes to redundancy, but this is precisely one of the benefits of the book - cause the same problems are then exposed from different points of views. The reader is thus spared the normative attempts of many other pathology books, in which the compl- ity of a given disease is hidden by the authors’ or editors’ desire to impose a rigid taxo- my or epidemiology.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9788847014770
Publisher:	Springer Milan
Publication date:	12/03/2009
Edition description:	2010
Pages:	359
Product dimensions:	6.10(w) x 9.20(h) x 0.80(d)

Table of Contents

Part I Nature of the Defect

1 Cerebral Palsy Detection: from John Little to the Present Giovanni Cioni Paola B. Paolicelli 3

Historical Models for the Classification of Cerebral Palsy 8

Traditional Clinical Syndromes 9

Limitations of Traditional Classifications and Perspectives 11

Conclusions 13

References 14

2 Guide to the Interpretation of Cerebral Palsy Adriano Ferrari Silvia Alboresi 17

Definition of Cerebral Palsy 17

Palsy: from a Neurological to a Rehabilitative Diagnosis 18

Cerebral 24

Child CP 25

References 27

Part II Function Analysis

3 Functional Diagnosis in Infants and in Very Young Children: Early Predictive Signs Giovanni Cioni Andrea Guzzetta Vittorio Belmonti 31

Introduction 31

Techniques for the Clinical Assessment of the Neonatal Nervous System 32

Neonatal Neurological Examination: a Novel Approach 34

Conclusions 48

References 50

4 Motor Defects Adriano Ferrari 53

First Level: Motor Modules 54

Second Level: Praxias 60

Third Level: Actions 63

References 70

5 Perceptive Defects Adriano Ferrari 73

Action Organizes Perception 73

Perception Leads Action 74

First Level: Sensations 76

Second Level: Perceptions 80

Third Level: Representations 93

References 96

6 Praxic Organization Disorders Simonetta Muzzini Federico Posteraro Roberta Leonetti 99

Definition of Developmental Dyspraxia and Pathogenetic Hypotheses 99

Dyspraxia and Infantile Cerebral Palsy 101

Motor Control Models 102

Neurophysiological Basis of Action 104

Clinical Hypotheses 106

Assessment: a Clinical Proposal 108

Assessment: an Experimental Methodology 110

Recommendations 112

References 113

7 Visual and Oculomotor Disorders Andrea Guzzetta Francesca Tinelli Ada Bancale Giovanni Cioni 115

Introduction 115

Diagnostic Tools 116

Complex Visuoperceptive Disorders and Correlation between Visual Abnormalities and Other Aspects of Development 132

Main Neuropsychological Tests for the Support of Visuoperceptive Disorders 135

Test for the Evaluation of Visuoperceptive Abilities 136

Cerebral Visual Impairment and Mental/Motor Development! 138

References 139

8 Neuropsychological Evaluation Daniela Brizzolara Paola Brovedani Giovanni Ferretti 143

Introduction 143

Disorders and Factors Associated with CP Influencing Psychological Outcome 143

Cognitive Evaluation in the First Years of Life 146

Neuropsychological Approach to Spastic Diplegia 153

The Neuropsychological Approach to Forms of Infant Hemiplegia 159

Neuropsychological Assessment of Hemiplegia 169

Cognitive Evaluation of Pre-school Age and School Age Children with Tetraplegic and Dyskinetic Forms 170

Conclusions 172

References 172

9 Emotional, Behavioral and Social Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy Gabriele Masi Paola Brovedani 181

Introduction 181

Brain Disorders and Psychopathology 182

Psychopathology of Cerebral Palsy: Epidemiologic Studies 184

Psychopathology of Cerebral Palsy: Clinical Studies 185

Peer Relationships in Hemiplegic Children 187

Cerebral Palsy, Balance Disorders and Anxiety Disorders 188

Treatments 189

Conclusions 190

References 190

10 Observing Interactions Sandra Maestro 193

The Child 194

The Family 196

The Caregiving Team 197

Conclusions 199

References 199

Part III Classification of Spastic Syndromes and Clinical Forms

11 Critical Aspects of Classifications Adriano Ferrari 203

Motor Perspective 206

Dyspraxia 207

Motor Learning 209

Perceptive Perspective 212

Intentionality Perspective 215

References 216

12 Kinematic Classification Adriano Ferrari 219

A New Proposal 229

Conclusions 235

References 238

13 Tetraplegic Forms Adriano Ferrari Manuela Lodesani Simonetta Muzzini Rosa Pascale Silvia Sassi 241

Postural Analysis 241

Posture Organization Disorders 246

Main Forms of Tetraplegia 249

References 272

14 Dysperceptive Forms Silvia Alboresi Vittorio Belmonti Alberto Ferrari Adriano Ferrari 273

Introduction 273

Clinical Features of Perceptual Disturbances in Diplegias (Semiotics) 274

How to Detect Clinical Signs of Perceptual Disorders 280

Some Hypotheses on the Nature of Perceptual Disorders 282

Clinical Aspects of Perceptual Disorders 285

1 The Falling Child 285

2 The Stand-Up Child 288

References 290

15 Forms of Diplegia Adriano Ferrari Manuela Lodesani Silvia Perazza Silvia Sassi 293

Controlling Central Pattern Generators 294

Reducing Speed 294

Four Limb Coordination 294

Stabilization and Achieving Proximal Fixation 295

Modules and Praxes 295

Sensations and Perceptions 295

Upper Cortical Functions 296

Manipulation 296

Muscular Retractions and Articular Deformities 296

Clinical Forms of Diplegia 297

Validation of the Proposed Classification of Diplegia 300

Main Aspect of Each Form of Proposed Classification of Diplegia 305

References 328

16 Forms of Hemiplegia Giovanni Cioni Giuseppina Sgandurra Simonetta Muzzini Paola B. Paolicelli Adriano Ferrari 331

Definition and Prevalence 331

(RE) - Organization of the Sensory-Motor System 334

Clinical Signs of Hemiplegia 339

Classification of Manipulation 343

Main Features of the Four Clinical Forms of Hemiplegia 346

References 353

Subject Index 357

Editorial Reviews

Reviewer: Larissa Pavone, MD (Shirley Ryan AbilityLab)
Description: This book encompasses the authors' experiences and scientific background, resulting in an informative, thought-provoking book on the spastic forms of cerebral palsy.
Purpose: It addresses cerebral palsy and the evaluation of the adaptive functions, providing accessible information backed by the scientific literature and the authors' own observations.
Audience: This is a valuable source of information for a broad range of specialists, including neurologists, psychiatrists, physiatrists, and developmental pediatricians. Additionally, physiotherapists, medical students, residents, and other clinicians who work closely with individuals with cerebral palsy also will appreciate this book.
Features: The book covers a broad range of topics, from a historical model of cerebral palsy to the analysis of function and the classification of different forms of cerebral palsy. The analysis of function includes a comprehensive review of motor and perceptive deficits, praxic disorders, visual and oculomotor disorders, and emotional, behavioral, and social disorders. This book provides a unique perspective with an emphasis on the cognitive, developmental, and psychological aspects of cerebral palsy.
Assessment: Overall, this is well-written book that offers a unique, comprehensive and thought-provoking review of cerebral palsy. One topic that is not emphasized is the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, an area often addressed when discussing cerebral palsy.

Doody's Review Service

From the reviews:

“This book encompasses the authors’ experiences and scientific background, resulting in an informative, thought-provoking book on the spastic forms of cerebral palsy. … This is a valuable source of information for a broad range of specialists, including neurologists, psychiatrists, physiatrists, and developmental pediatricians. Additionally, physiotherapists, medical students, residents, and other clinicians who work closely with individuals with cerebral palsy also will appreciate this book. … Overall, this is well-written book that offers a unique, comprehensive and thought-provoking review of cerebral palsy.” (Larissa Pavone, Doody’s Review Service, March, 2012)

From the Publisher