The Spirit of the Hive: The Mechanisms of Social Evolution
Charles Darwin struggled to explain how forty thousand bees working in the dark, seemingly by instinct alone, could organize themselves to construct something as perfect as a honey comb. How do bees accomplish such incredible tasks? Synthesizing the findings of decades of experiments, The Spirit of the Hive presents a comprehensive picture of the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying the division of labor in honey bee colonies and explains how bees’ complex social behavior has evolved over millions of years.

Robert Page, one of the foremost honey bee geneticists in the world, sheds light on how the coordinated activity of hives arises naturally when worker bees respond to stimuli in their environment. The actions they take in turn alter the environment and so change the stimuli for their nestmates. For example, a bee detecting ample stores of pollen in the hive is inhibited from foraging for more, whereas detecting the presence of hungry young larvae will stimulate pollen gathering. Division of labor, Page shows, is an inevitable product of group living, because individual bees vary genetically and physiologically in their sensitivities to stimuli and have different probabilities of encountering and responding to them.

A fascinating window into self-organizing regulatory networks of honey bees, The Spirit of the Hive applies genomics, evolution, and behavior to elucidate the details of social structure and advance our understanding of complex adaptive systems in nature.

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The Spirit of the Hive: The Mechanisms of Social Evolution
Charles Darwin struggled to explain how forty thousand bees working in the dark, seemingly by instinct alone, could organize themselves to construct something as perfect as a honey comb. How do bees accomplish such incredible tasks? Synthesizing the findings of decades of experiments, The Spirit of the Hive presents a comprehensive picture of the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying the division of labor in honey bee colonies and explains how bees’ complex social behavior has evolved over millions of years.

Robert Page, one of the foremost honey bee geneticists in the world, sheds light on how the coordinated activity of hives arises naturally when worker bees respond to stimuli in their environment. The actions they take in turn alter the environment and so change the stimuli for their nestmates. For example, a bee detecting ample stores of pollen in the hive is inhibited from foraging for more, whereas detecting the presence of hungry young larvae will stimulate pollen gathering. Division of labor, Page shows, is an inevitable product of group living, because individual bees vary genetically and physiologically in their sensitivities to stimuli and have different probabilities of encountering and responding to them.

A fascinating window into self-organizing regulatory networks of honey bees, The Spirit of the Hive applies genomics, evolution, and behavior to elucidate the details of social structure and advance our understanding of complex adaptive systems in nature.

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The Spirit of the Hive: The Mechanisms of Social Evolution

The Spirit of the Hive: The Mechanisms of Social Evolution

The Spirit of the Hive: The Mechanisms of Social Evolution

The Spirit of the Hive: The Mechanisms of Social Evolution

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Overview

Charles Darwin struggled to explain how forty thousand bees working in the dark, seemingly by instinct alone, could organize themselves to construct something as perfect as a honey comb. How do bees accomplish such incredible tasks? Synthesizing the findings of decades of experiments, The Spirit of the Hive presents a comprehensive picture of the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying the division of labor in honey bee colonies and explains how bees’ complex social behavior has evolved over millions of years.

Robert Page, one of the foremost honey bee geneticists in the world, sheds light on how the coordinated activity of hives arises naturally when worker bees respond to stimuli in their environment. The actions they take in turn alter the environment and so change the stimuli for their nestmates. For example, a bee detecting ample stores of pollen in the hive is inhibited from foraging for more, whereas detecting the presence of hungry young larvae will stimulate pollen gathering. Division of labor, Page shows, is an inevitable product of group living, because individual bees vary genetically and physiologically in their sensitivities to stimuli and have different probabilities of encountering and responding to them.

A fascinating window into self-organizing regulatory networks of honey bees, The Spirit of the Hive applies genomics, evolution, and behavior to elucidate the details of social structure and advance our understanding of complex adaptive systems in nature.


Product Details

ISBN-13: 9780674073029
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Publication date: 06/17/2013
Pages: 240
Product dimensions: 6.40(w) x 9.30(h) x 0.90(d)

About the Author

Robert E. Page, Jr., is University Provost and Foundation Chair of Life Sciences at Arizona State University.

Bert Hölldobler is the Robert A. Johnson Professor in Social Insect Research at Arizona State University. He was previously Professor of Biology and Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology at Harvard University and subsequently held the chair for Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology at the University of Würzburg, Germany. He is an elected member of many academies, including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the US National Academy of Sciences, and the German National Academy of Sciences, Leopoldina. He has received many awards, among them the Pulitzer Prize for The Ants, coauthored with E. O. Wilson.

Table of Contents

Foreword Bert Hölldobler xi

Preface xiii

1 Darwin's Dilemma and the Spirit of the Hive 1

1.1 Natural History of the Honey Bee 4

1.2 Summary Comments 8

2 What Is the Spirit of the Hive? 10

2.1 Stimulus-Response Basis of Behavior 10

2.2 The Logic of Division of Labor 13

2.3 Case Studies 19

2.4 Adaptive Fine Tuning of Division of Labor 24

2.5 From Stone Soup to Mulligan Stew 26

2.6 Summary Comments 45

3 Individual Variation in Behavior 50

3.1 Genetic Variation and Behavior 51

3.2 Polyandry in the Honey Bee 52

3.3 Genetic Recombination in Honey Bees 57

3.4 Genetic Variation Is Necessary for Evolution 60

3.5 Genetic Variation for Worker Behavior 60

3.6 Behavioral Plasticity and Constraints 63

3.7 Genetic and Behavioral Dominance 64

3.8 Behavioral Plasticity and Colony Resilience 68

3.9 Laying-Worker Behavior 72

3.10 Summary Comments 74

4 The Evolution of Polyandry 77

4.1 Why Do Queens Mate with So Many Males? 77

4.2 Sex Determination and Polyandry 79

4.3 Pathogens and Parasites 90

4.4 Genotypic Diversity and Division of Labor 95

4.5 A Pluralistic View of the Evolution of Polyandry 106

5 The Phenotypic Architecture of Pollen Hoarding 110

5.1 Levels of Biological Organization 110

5.2 Selective Breeding for Pollen Hoarding 112

5.3 Individual Behavior 122

5.4 Sensory-Response Systems 125

5.5 Associative Learning 131

5.6 Nonassociative Learning 134

5.7 Motor Activity 137

5.8 Neurobiochemistry 137

5.9 Anatomy of Worker Ovaries and Vitellogenin 140

5.10 Phenotypic Architecture of Males 141

5.11 Phenotypic Architecture of Africanized Honey Bees 141

5.12 A Pollen-Hoarding Syndrome 142

6 The Genetic Architecture of Pollen Hoarding 148

6.1 Background 148

6.2 Mapping Pollen Hoarding 151

6.3 Verification of Quantitative Trait Loci 156

6.4 Identification of Pln3 158

6.5 Pln4 and Mapping the Interactions of Pollen-Hoarding QTLs 159

6.6 Mapping the Ovary and Juvenile Hormone Regulation by Vitellogenin 161

6.7 Candidate QTLs 162

6.8 Caveat 166

7 Reproductive Regulation of Division of Labor 169

7.1 Background 169

7.2 The Double-Repressor Model 170

7.3 The Reproductive-Ground-Plan Hypothesis and Early Experiments 172

7.4 How Vitellogenin Affects Onset of Foraging and Foraging Behavior 176

7.5 Evidence for the Reproductive-Ground-Plan Hypothesis 179

7.6 Difficulties with the Vitellogenin Foraging Model 186

7.7 Summary Comments 188

8 Developmental Regulation of Reproduction 191

8.1 Queen and Worker Phenotypes 192

8.2 Nurses and Larvae Share Developmental Programs 196

8.3 Developmental Signatures of Colony-Level Artificial Selection 201

8.4 Summary Comments 203

9 The Regulatory Architecture of Pollen Hoarding 208

9.1 Loading Algorithms 208

9.2 Heritability of the Pollen-Hoarding Syndrome 210

9.3 Social Regulation of Pollen Hoarding 213

10 A Crowd of Bees 217

Acknowledgments 219

Index 221

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