Table of Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments x
Introduction xi
I Theoretical and Historical Perspectives 1
A Status Attainment and Social Mobility
1 The "Rationalization" of Education and Training Max Weber 4
2 Social and Cultural Mobility Pitirim Sorokin 7
3 Sponsored and Contest Mobility and the School System Ralph H. Turner 11
4 Status Attainment Processes Archibald O. Haller Alejandro Portes 23
B Human Capital, Cultural Capital, and Social Capital
5 Human Capital Gary S. Becker 32
6 Cultural Capital: Allusions, Gaps, and Glissandos in Recent Theoretical Developments Michèle Lamont Annette Lareau 34
7 Schools, Families, and Communities James Coleman Thomas Hoffer 50
C Chancing Theories of Education Systems
8 The First Element of Morality: The Spirit of Discipline Émile Durkheim 59
9 The School and the Community Willard Waller 67
10 Functional and Conflict Theories of Educational Stratification Randall Collins 74
11 Beyond the Educational Frontier: The Great American Dream Freeze Samuel Bowles Herbert Gintis 91
Part I Discussion Questions 100
II Stratification within and between Schools 101
A School Cultures
12 The Chosen Ones Peter Cookson Caroline Hodges Persell 105
13 Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for School Reform Anthony S. Bryk Barbara Schneider 114
B Racial Segregation and Resource Inequality
14 Equality of Educational Opportunity: The Coleman Report James Coleman Ernest Campbell Carol Hobson James McPartland Alexander Mood Frederic Weinfeld Robert York 120
15 The Effects of High Schools on Their Students Christopher S. Jencks Marsha D. Brown 137
16 Brown at 50: King's Dream or Plessy's Nightmare? Gary Orfield Chungmei Lee 165
17 The Nature of Schooling Doris R. Entwisle Karl L. Alexander Linda Olson 178
C Tracking
18 Tracking: From Theory to Practice Maureen Hallinan 188
19 Is Ability Grouping Equitable? Adam Gamoran 193
20 The Distribution of Knowledge Jeannie Oakes 199
Part II Discussion Questions 208
III Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality 209
A Class
21 Persisting Barriers: Changes in Educational Opportunities in Thirteen Countries Hans-Peter Blossfeld Yossi Shavit 214
22 Elements of a Culture Paul Willis 228
23 Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black Families and White Families Annette Lareau 243
24 Exceptions to the Rule: Upwardly Mobile White and Mexican American High School Girls Julie Bettie 264
B Race and Ethnicity
25 Black Students' School Success: Coping With the "Burden of 'Acting White'" Signithia Fordham John U. Ogbu 274
26 It's Not "a Black Thing": Understanding the Burden of Acting White and Other Dilemmas of High Achievement Karolyn Tyson Domini R. Castellino William Darity 281
27 Straddling Boundaries: Identity, Culture, and School Prudence L. Carter 295
28 America's Next Achievement Test: Closing the Black-White Test Score Gap Christopher Jencks Meredith Phillips 313
29 Race in the Schoolyard: Negotiating the Color Line in Classrooms and Communities Amanda Lewis 320
30 Shades of White: White Kids and Racial Identity in High Schools Pamela Perry 338
31 The New Second Generation: Segmented Assimilation and Its Variants Alejandro Portes Min Zhou 355
C Gender and Sexuality
32 Boys and Girls Together … But Mostly Apart Barrie Thorne 363
33 Teaching and "Women's Work": A Comparative and Historical Analysis Michael Apple 371
34 Rewriting Race and Gender High School Lessons: Second-Generation Dominicans in New York City Nancy López 382
35 "Dude, You're a Fag": Adolescent Masculinity and the Fag Discourse C. J. Pascoe 391
Part III Discussion Questions 400
IV Student Behavior and Adolescent Subcultures 401
36 The Adolescent Culture James Coleman 403
37 Resistance as a Social Drama: A Study of Change-Oriented Encounters Daniel A. McFarland 416
38 Testing the Theory: Rampage-The Social Roots of School Shootings Katherine Newman 430
39 Hooking Up: Sex, Dating, and Relationships on Campus Kathleen Bogle 443
40 College Life Through the Eyes of Students Mary Grigsby 464
Part IV Discussion Questions 480
V The Organizational Environment 481
A The Cultural and Institutional Environment
41 Do Employers Really Need More Educated Youth? James E. Rosenbaum Amy Binder 484
42 The Effects of Education as an Institution John W. Meyer 494
43 Community Colleges and the American Social Order Stephen Brint Jerome Karabel 510
44 An Institutional Perspective on Schools John Chubb Terry Moe 520
45 Judging School Discipline: A Crisis of Moral Authority Richard Arum 533
46 Creating a Class: College Admissions and the Education of Elites Mitchell Stevens 559
B Education Policy and School Reform
47 English-Only Triumphs, But the Costs Are High Alejandro Portes 567
48 Charter Schools and the Public Good Linda A. Renzulli Vincent J. Roscigno 572
49 Contentious Curricula: Afrocentrism and Creationism in American Public Schools Amy Binder 579
50 Education Research That Matters: Influence, Scientific Rigor, and Policy Making Pamela Barnhouse Walters Annette Lareau 600
Part V Discussion Questions 619