Publishers Weekly
07/06/2020
The almost sacred principle of meritocracy—that society should (and does) grant position and wealth to the most talented and capable—is tearing people apart, according to this bracing sociopolitical treatise. Harvard political philosopher Sandel (Democracy’s Discontent) argues that the meritocratic creed has created a sharply unequal, globalized economy with soaring incomes for a few and stagnant wages for the rest; government by out-of-touch technocrats indifferent to the concerns of ordinary people; and a populist backlash against meritocratic elites from a working class that’s marginalized and humiliated by a system that says their dim prospects are the just outcome of their lack of smarts and adaptability. Writing in tart prose that decries “the smug conviction of those who land on the top that they deserve their fate, and that those on the bottom deserve theirs,” the author traces the meritocratic concept from Christian theological roots and criticisms of it by philosophers to its deep influence on modern-day rhetoric; the book’s centerpiece is a stinging attack on universities as temples of meritocracy that nevertheless reinforce upper-class privilege rather than helping the disadvantaged. Sandel, however, only makes a few concrete suggestions for dethroning meritocracy, including college admissions by lottery. Still, he offers a rich, incisive analysis of how the meritocratic ideal contributes to contemporary political crises. (Sept.)
From the Publisher
"This is a remarkable book about justice. In his unique and powerful moral voice, Michael Sandel digs at the roots of our divisions, dissects the causes of inequality, and dismantles the lazy orthodoxy of those on the left and the right. Accessible and profound, The Tyranny of Merit is a revelatory assessment of pervasive unfairness in our society, driven in part by a naïve and myopic reliance on the notion of merit. In a time of easy rhetoric and thoughtless tribalism, this provocative book is a must-read for anyone who still cares about the common good. You will catch yourself wondering, again and again, “Why have I never thought of it that way?” No good faith reader will come away from this book unchanged." —Preet Bharara, former U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York and Author of Doing Justice: A Prosecutor’s Thoughts on Crime, Punishment, and the Rule of Law
“Astute, insightful, and empathetic, Sandel exposes the cruelty at the heart of some of our most beloved myths about success. A must-read for anyone struggling to understand populist resentment, and why, for many Americans, the American Dream has come to feel more like a taunt than a promise. A crucial book for this moment." —Tara Westover, author of Educated
“The Tyranny of Merit deftly exposes the flaws and fallacies of meritocratic philosophy. In lucid, illuminating prose, Sandel makes a compelling case for uprooting inequality and building a fairer society shaped by true principles of justice. A seminal work.” —Darren Walker, President, Ford Foundation
Kirkus Reviews
2020-06-12
How pernicious assumptions about merit undermine democracy.
Harvard professor of political philosophy and host of BBC Radio’s “The Global Philosopher,” Sandel offers a cogent, penetrating critique of meritocracy, which, he argues persuasively, has trammeled our sense of community and mutual respect. Central to the meritocratic ethic, he writes, is “freedom—the ability to control my destiny by dint of hard work—and deservingness. If I am responsible for having accrued a handsome share of worldly goods—income and wealth, power and prestige—I must deserve them. Success is a sign of virtue. My affluence is my due.” However, the author asserts that many factors beyond one’s control—family status, quality of education, what skills or talents the market values—shape one’s access to wealth and prestige. “Even a fair meritocracy,” he adds, “one without cheating or bribery or special privileges for the wealthy, induces a mistaken impression—that we have made it on our own.” Sandel deplores the rhetoric—touted by politicians on the left and right—that “valorizes credentialism” by calling for workers to improve their lives by getting a college degree. Such rhetoric, he insists repeatedly, erodes the dignity of work, “undermines social recognition and esteem for those who lack the credentials the system rewards,” and leads to unfounded prejudice against those less educated. Loss of social esteem, he maintains, afflicts many aggrieved workers in contemporary America. Sandel’s proposals to undermine the tyranny of meritocracy include a lottery system for admission to highly selective colleges, after a diverse and qualified pool is established; and a commitment to creating spaces and places where “citizens from different walks of life encounter one another.” The idea of a competitive meritocracy, he writes, “is a hollow political project that reflects an impoverished conception of citizenship and freedom.” Sandel’s proposals for change are less convincing than his deeply considered analysis.
A stimulating examination of a divisive social and political problem.
