Theories of Geographic Concepts: Ontological Approaches to Semantic Integration / Edition 1 available in Hardcover, Paperback
Theories of Geographic Concepts: Ontological Approaches to Semantic Integration / Edition 1
- ISBN-10:
- 0367387913
- ISBN-13:
- 9780367387914
- Pub. Date:
- 09/11/2019
- Publisher:
- Taylor & Francis
- ISBN-10:
- 0367387913
- ISBN-13:
- 9780367387914
- Pub. Date:
- 09/11/2019
- Publisher:
- Taylor & Francis
Theories of Geographic Concepts: Ontological Approaches to Semantic Integration / Edition 1
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$82.99Overview
The book addresses theoretical, formal, and pragmatic issues of geographic knowledge representation and integration based on an ontological approach. The authors highlight the importance of philosophical, cognitive, and formal theories in preserving the semantics of geographic concepts during ontology development and integration. They elucidate major theoretical issues, then introduce a number of formal tools. The book delineates a general framework with the necessary processes and guidelines to ontology integration and applies it to a selection of ontology integration cases. It concludes with a retrospection of key issues and identifies open research questions.
Copiously illustrated, the book contains more than 80 illustrations and several examples to various approaches that provide a better understanding of the complexity of ontology integration tasks. The authors provide guidance on selecting the most appropriate approach and details on its application to indicative integration problems.
Product Details
| ISBN-13: | 9780367387914 |
|---|---|
| Publisher: | Taylor & Francis |
| Publication date: | 09/11/2019 |
| Pages: | 338 |
| Product dimensions: | 6.12(w) x 9.19(h) x (d) |
About the Author
Table of Contents
Preface xiii
About the Title xiv
Focus and Readership xv
Organization xv
Acknowledgments xvi
The Authors xvii
Part 1 The Context
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
1.1 Geographic Reality, Concepts, and Knowledge Representation 3
1.2 Geographic Concepts 6
1.3 Dimensions of Geographic Concepts 8
1.4 Semantics and Ontologies 10
1.5 Perspectives 12
1.5.1 The Philosophical Perspective 14
1.5.2 The Linguistic Perspective 14
1.5.3 The Cognitive Perspective 16
1.5.4 The Artificial Intelligence/Information Science Perspective 17
1.6 Data, Information, Knowledge (and Wisdom) 18
1.7 The Core of the Matter 19
1.8 Upshot 21
References 22
Chapter 2 Geographic Ontologies 27
2.1 Notions and Perspectives 27
2.2 Geographic Ontology Types and Related Issues 28
2.2.1 Ontology Types 28
2.2.2 Ontology Components 29
2.2.3 Formality 29
2.2.4 Structure 29
2.2.5 IS-A Hierarchies 30
2.2.6 Parts 30
2.2.7 Multiple Inheritance 31
2.2.8 Cover, Use, and Usability 31
2.2.9 Definitions 32
2.2.10 Relations and Properties 33
2.2.11 Top-Level Ontologies 34
2.2.12 Maps as Ontologies 34
2.2.13 Methodology-Driven Ontologies 35
2.3 Ontological Vagueness 36
References 40
Chapter 3 Semantic Interoperability 43
3.1 Notions and Perspectives 43
3.2 Semantic Heterogeneities 45
3.3 Geospatial Interoperability Efforts 48
3.4 Core Issues 48
References 49
Part 2 Theoretical Foundations
Chapter 4 Ontologies 55
4.1 Ontology in Philosophy 55
4.2 Formal Ontology 58
4.3 The Problem of Universals 59
4.4 Ontology in Computer Science 62
4.5 Top-Level Ontologies 65
4.6 Ontology in the Geospatial Domain 69
References 76
Chapter 5 Concepts 83
5.1 Ontology of Concepts 83
5.2 Theories of Concepts 85
5.2.1 The Classical Theory of Concepts 86
5.2.2 Probabilistic Theories of Concepts 86
5.2.3 Theory-Based Theories of Concepts 89
5.2.4 Neoclassical Theories of Concepts 90
5.2.5 Conceptual Atomism 91
5.3 Functions of Concepts 91
5.4 Kinds of Concepts 92
5.5 Properties and Relations 92
5.5.1 Properties 92
5.5.2 Relations 95
References 100
Chapter 6 Semantics 105
6.1 Introduction 105
6.2 Meaning 106
6.3 Wierzbicka's Semantic and Lexical Universals 108
6.4 Modes of Meaning 110
6.5 Meaning and Definitions 111
6.5.1 Basic Notions of Definitions 111
6.5.2 Types of Definitions 113
6.6 Geospatial Semantics 115
References 120
Part 3 Formal Approaches
Chapter 7 Knowledge Representation Instruments 125
7.1 Knowledge Representation 125
7.2 Knowledge Representation and Context 128
7.2.1 Context 128
7.2.2 Context Formalization 128
7.2.3 Context in Geographic Applications 130
7.3 Knowledge Representation and Natural Language 132
7.4 Formal Instruments 132
References 134
Chapter 8 Formal Concept Analysis 139
8.1 Basic Notions of Formal Concept Analysis 139
8.2 Many-Valued Contexts 144
8.3 Applications of Lattices and Formal Concept Analysis 146
8.4 Semantic Factoring 147
References 148
Chapter 9 Conceptual Graphs 151
9.1 Defining Conceptual Graphs 151
9.2 Representing Conceptual Graphs 151
9.3 Basics of Conceptual Graphs 152
9.4 Operations over Conceptual Graphs 153
9.5 Conceptual Graphs in Geographic Applications 154
References 156
Chapter 10 Channel Theory 157
10.1 Introduction 157
10.2 Basics of Channel Theory 157
10.2.1 Classification 157
10.2.2 Sum of Classifications 159
10.2.3 Local Logic 160
10.2.4 Isomorphism 160
10.2.5 Channel 162
References 163
Chapter 11 Description Logics 165
11.1 Introduction 165
11.2 Description Logics Syntactic Elements 165
11.3 Description Logics Languages 166
11.4 Description Logics Knowledge Organization and Modeling 167
11.5 Reasoning in Description Logics 168
References 169
Chapter 12 Natural Language and Semantic Information Extraction 171
12.1 Semantic Information Extraction from Text 171
12.2 Semantic Information Extraction from Definitions 173
12.3 Main Semantic Properties in Geographic Concept Definitions 177
12.4 Main Semantic Relations in Geographic Concept Definitions 178
References 180
Chapter 13 Similarity 183
13.1 The Notion or Similarity 183
13.2 Measures of Similarity 184
13.3 Portraying Similarity 185
13.4 Similarity and Context 187
References 188
Part 4 Ontology Integration
Chapter 14 Integration Framework 193
14.1 The Ontology of Integration 193
14.2 Ontology Integration 194
14.3 Integration Frameworks 196
14.4 An Extended Framework 201
14.5 Process I: Extraction 204
14.6 Process II: Comparison, Identification, and Reconciliation of Heterogeneities 205
14.7 Process III: Integration 206
14.7.1 Integration Architecture Terminology 207
14.7.2 Principle behind an Integration Approach 210
References 215
Chapter 15 Integration Approaches 221
15.1 Classification of Approaches 221
15.2 PROMPT 221
15.3 KRAFT 223
15.4 CHIMAERA 225
15.5 MOMIS 225
15.6 GLUE 227
15.7 ECOIN 228
15.8 FCA-Merge 229
15.9 IF-Map 231
15.10 Architecture-Based Approaches to Geointegration 232
15.11 A Concept Comparison Approach 235
15.12 Intensional-Based Geointegration Approaches 238
15.13 Extensional-Based Geointegration Approaches 243
15.14 Comparative Presentation 245
References 248
Chapter 16 Integration Guidelines 253
16.1 General Guidelines and Scenarios 253
16.1.1 Scenario 1: Concept Comparison Focusing on the Ontologies' Structure 254
16.1.2 Scenario 2: Concept Comparison Based on Similarity 255
16.1.3 Scenario 3: Mapping to a Shared Ontology 255
16.1.4 Scenario 4: Advanced Ontology Mapping 256
16.1.5 Scenario 5: Ontology Merging 256
16.1.6 Scenario 6: Advanced Ontology Merging 257
16.1.7 Scenario 7: True Integration 258
16.1.8 Scenario 8: Extensional Integration 258
16.1.9 Scenario 9: Integration Based on Natural Language Documents 259
16.1.10 Scenario 10: Temporal Integration 259
16.2 Integration Scenarios and Working Examples 260
16.2.1 Scenario 1: Ontology Merging 263
16.2.2 Scenario 2: Concept Comparison 269
16.2.3 Scenario 3: True Integration 275
16.2.3.1 Semantic Information Extraction 275
16.2.3.2 Concept Comparison 277
16.2.3.3 Integration 286
References 291
Part 5 Post-Review
Chapter 17 Epilogue 295
17.1 Closing issues 295
17.2 Hindsight 295
17.3 Foresight 298
17.3.1 Theoretical Issues and Knowledge Elicitation 298
17.3.1.1 Ontological Research 298
17.3.1.2 Concepts 299
17.3.1.3 Semantics 300
17.3.2 Formal Approaches 300
17.3.3 Integration Approaches 305
17.3.4 Algorithm Design 305
17.3.5 Evaluation of Ontology Integration 306
17.4 Afterword 306
References 307
Index 311