Table of Contents
Credits and Acknowledgments 12
How to Use this Book 14
2022 Coin Market Report 18
Collecting U.S. Coins 20
A Seminar on the Grading of Coins 21
Rare Coins as an Investment 25
Aspects of Authenticity 25
Cleaning, Conservation, and Preservation 31
The History of Coins in America, 1607 to Date 35
Pre-Federal Issues 118
Colonial Issues 118
Post-Colonial Issues 143
Federal Issues 179
Contract Issues and Patterns 179
Half Cents 185
Liberty Cap, Head Facing Left (1793) 186
Liberty Cap, Head Facing Right (1794-1797) 190
Draped Bust (1800-1808) 194
Classic Head (1809-1836) 199
Braided Hair (1840-1857) 205
Large Cents 210
Flowing Hair, Chain Reverse (1793) 211
Plowing Hair, Wreath Reverse (1793) 214
Liberty Cap (1793-1796) 218
Draped Bust (1796-1807) 223
Classic Head (1808-1814) 231
Matron Head (1816-1839) 235
Braided Hair (1839-1857) 245
Small Cents 252
Flying Eagle (1856-1858) 253
Indian Head (1859-1909) 258
Lincoln, Wheat Ears Reverse (1909-1958) 270
Lincoln, Memorial Reverse (1959-2008) 284
Lincoln, Bicentennial Reverses (2009) 292
Lincoln, Shield Reverse (2010 to Date) 295
Two-Cent Pieces 298
Shield (1864-1873) 299
Three-Cent Pieces 318
Silver Three-Cent Pieces (Trimes) (1851-1873) 319
Nickel Three-Cent Pieces (1865-1889) 341
Nickel Five-Cent Pieces 365
Shield (1866-1883) 366
Liberty Head (1883-1913) 372
Indian Head or Buffalo (1913-1938) 379
Jefferson (1938-2003) 387
Westward Journey (2004-2005) 401
Jefferson Modified (2006 to Date) 403
Half Dismes 406
Half Disme (1792) 407
Half Dimes 410
Flowing Hair (1794-1795) 411
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) 415
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1800-1805) 420
Capped Bust (1829-1837) 425
Liberty Seated (1837-1873) 438
Dimes 486
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) 487
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798-1807) 491
Capped Bust (1809-1837) 495
Liberty Seated (1837-1891) 503
Barber or Liberty Head (1892-1916) 518
Winged Liberty Head or "Mercury" (1916-1945) 525
Roosevelt (1946 to Date) 534
Twenty-Cent Pieces 544
Liberty Seated (1875-1878) 545
Quarter Dollars 559
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796) 561
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1804-1807) 565
Capped Bust (1815-1838) 568
Liberty Seated (1838-1891) 575
Barber or Liberty Head (1892-1916) 588
Standing Liberty (1916-1930) 596
Washington, Eagle Reverse (1932-1998) 602
Washington, State, D.C., and Territorial (1999-2009) 617
Washington, America the Beautiful™ (2010-2021) 627
Washington, Crossing the Delaware (2021) 640
Washington, American Women (2022-2025) 641
Half Dollars 643
Flowing Hair (1794-1795) 646
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1796-1797) 650
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1801-1807) 653
Capped Bust, Lettered Edge (1807-1836) 658
Capped Bust, Reeded Edge (1836-1839) 670
Liberty Seated (1839-1891) 674
Barber or Liberty Head (1892-1915) 688
Liberty Walking (1916-1947) 695
Franklin (1948-1963) 702
Kennedy (1964 to Date) 708
Silver Dollars 722
Flowing Hair (1794-1795) 724
Draped Bust, Small Eagle Reverse (1795-1798) 729
Draped Bust, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1798-1804) 734
Gobrecht Dollars (1836-1839) 742
Liberty Seated (1840-1873) 747
Morgan (1878-1921) 755
Peace (1921-1935) 770
Modern Dollars 776
Eisenhower (1971-1978) 777
Susan B. Anthony (1979-1999) 781
Sacagawea (2000-2008) 783
Presidential (2007-2020) 786
Native American (2009 to Date) 793
American Innovation (2018-52032) 797
1921 Silver Anniversary Coins (2021, 2023 to Date) 801
Trade Dollars 803
Liberty Seated (1873-1885) 804
Gold Dollars 812
Liberty Head (1849-1854) 816
Indian Princess Head, Small Head (1854-1856) 833
Indian Princess Head, Large Head (1856-1889) 839
Gold Quarter Eagles ($2.50) 878
Capped Bust to Right (1796-1807) 879
Draped Bust to Left, Large Size (1808) 881
Capped Head to Left (1821-1834) 883
Classic Head, No Motto on Reverse (1834-1839) 886
Liberty Head (1840-1907) 889
Indian Head (1908-1929) 901
Three-Dollar Gold Pieces 905
Indian Princess Head (1854-1889) 910
Four-Dollar Gold Pieces 950
Stella, Flowing Hair and Coiled Hair (1879-1880) 954
Gold Half Eagles ($5) 957
Capped Bust to Right, Small Eagle Reverse (1795-1798) 959
Capped Bust to Right, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1795-1807) 962
Draped Bust to Left (1807-1812) 966
Capped Head to Left (1813-1834) 969
Classic Head, No Motto on Reverse (1834-1838) 974
Liberty Head (1839-1908) 977
Indian Head (1908-1929) 992
Gold Eagles ($10) 997
Capped Bust to Right, Small Eagle Reverse (1795-1797) 999
Capped Bust to Right, Heraldic Eagle Reverse (1797-1804) 1001
Liberty Head (1838-1907) 1005
Indian Head (1907-1933) 1019
Gold Double Eagles ($20) 1024
Liberty Head (1849-1907) 1025
Saint-Gaudens, High Relief and Ultra High Relief, MCMVII (1907) 1038
Saint-Gaudens, Flat Relief, Arabic Numerals (1907-1933) 1041
U.S. Commemoratives 1047
Classic Commemoratives (1892-1954) 1047
Modern Commemoratives (1982 to Date) 1100
Proof and Mint Sets 1228
Modern Proof Sets (1936 to Date) 1232
Uncirculated Mint Sets (1947 to Date) 1236
Special Mint Sets (1965-1967) 1238
Souvenir Sets (1982-1983) 1238
Other Collectible Sets (2000 to Date) 1238
U.S. Mint Bullion Coins 1240
American Silver Eagles (1986 to Date) 1241
America the Beautiful 5-Ounce Silver Bullion Coins (2010-2021) 1245
American Gold Eagles (1986 to Date) 1249
American Buffalo .9999 Fine Gold Bullion Coins (2006 to Date) 1256
First Spouse $10 Gold Bullion Coins (2007-2016) 1258
American Platinum Eagles (1997 to Date) 1265
American Palladium Eagles (2017 to Date) 1271
Significant U.S. Patterns 1273
Private and Territorial Gold 1280
Private Tokens 1306
Hard Times Tokens (1832-1844) 1306
Feuchtwanger Tokens (1837-1864) 1309
Civil War Tokens (1860s) 1309
Lesher Referendum Dollars (1900-1901) 1313
Confederate Issues 1314
Hawaiian and Puerto Rican Issues 1316
Philippine Issues 1320
Philippines Under U.S. Sovereignty (1903-1936) 1322
Commonwealth Issues for Circulation (1937-1945) 1341
Commonwealth Commemorative Issues 1348
Alaska Tokens 1350
Appendices 1352
Appendix A Misstrikes and Errors 1352
Appendix B Collectible Red and Blue Books 1357
Appendix C Bullion Values 1363
Appendix D Top 250 U.S. Coin Prices Realized at Auction 1366
Appendix E Conditions of Coins and Grading Standards 1372
Appendix F Special Modern Gold Coins (2009 to Date) 1374
Appendix G So-Called Dollars 1379
Appendix H Extraordinary Errors and Misstruck Coins 1390
Appendix I Canadian "Half Dimes" and Twenty-Cent Pieces 1405
Appendix J Counterstamped Coins 1424
Appendix K Two-Cent Patterns 1431
Appendix L In-Depth Patterns 1437
Appendix M American Arts Commemorative Series Gold Medallions 1450
Notes 1474
Glossary 1478
Bibliography 1481
Image Credits 1491
Index 1493
General Index 1493
Alphabetical Index of Dates for Commemoratives 1499
