Upton's Regulars: The 121st New York Infantry in the Civil War

by Salvatore G. Cilella Jr.

Overview

From Cooperstown and its surrounding region, upstate New Yorkers responded to President Lincoln’s call to service by volunteering in droves to defend an imperiled Union. Drawn from the farms and towns of Otsego and Herkimer counties, the 121st New York State Volunteer Infantry Regiment served with the Sixth Corps in the Army of the Potomac throughout the Civil War. In the first comprehensive history of the regiment in nearly ninety years, Salvatore Cilella chronicles the epic story of this heroic “band of brothers.”

Led for much of the war by the legendary Emory Upton, the 121st deployed nearly 1,900 men into battle, from over 1,000 at call-up to the 330 who were finally mustered out of its war-depleted unit. Its soldiers participated in 25 major engagements, from Antietam to Sailor’s Creek, won six Medals of Honor, took several battle flags, led the charge at Spotsylvania, and captured Custis Lee at Sailor’s Creek. Cilella now tells their story, viewing the war through upstate New Yorkers’ eyes not only to depict three grueling years of fighting but also to reveal their distinctive attitudes regarding slavery, war goals, politics, and the families they left behind.

Cilella mines the letters, diaries, memoirs, and speeches of more than 120 soldiers and officers to weave a compelling narrative that traces the 121st from enlistment through the horrors of battle and back to civilian life. Their words vividly recount the experience of combat, but also rail against Washington bureaucrats and commanding generals. Many were upset with those who suggested that Emancipation was the war’s primary cause, declaring their fight to be for the Union rather than freed slaves, but they also scorned any Northerners who sympathized with the South.

Cilella also features compelling portraits of the regiment’s three commanders: original recruiter Richard Franchot; West Pointer Upton, by whose name the 121st came to be known; and Otsego County native Egbert Olcott. Readers will especially gain new insights into the charismatic Upton, who took command at the age of 23, was a fearless leader on the field of battle, and became one of the army’s most admired regimental leaders, clearly marking him out for future accomplishments.

As dire as the war became, especially in the summer of 1864, Upton’s Regulars repeatedly told their families they would do it all again and would sooner die in battle than shirk their responsibility to the Union. This regimental history stands as a testament to that dedication—and as an unvarnished look at the harsh realities of war.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780700616459
Publisher:	University Press of Kansas
Publication date:	06/18/2009
Series:	Modern War Studies
Pages:	600
Product dimensions:	6.40(w) x 9.20(h) x 1.80(d)

About the Author

Salvatore G. Cilella Jr. is president and CEO of the Atlanta Historical Society.

Table of Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments

Introduction

1. Congressman Franchot Recruits a Regiment

2. “The Nursery of Soldiers”: The Men and Boys from Herkimer and Otsego Counties

3. Stumbling into War

4. Emory Upton Takes Command

5. Desertion, Disarray, and Despair: Winter 1862-1863

6. Burnside, Mud, and Hooker

7. Chancellorsville and Salem Church

8. After Gettysburg: Becoming Abolitionists, June to October 1863

9. To Rappahannock Station

10. Winter Quarters, December 15, 1863, to May 4, 1864

11. Grant’s Overland Campaign, May to June 1864

12, To Washington and the Valley

13. Return to Petersburg, December 1864 to April 1863

14. Lee Surrenders and the War Ends

15. Touching Elbows: The Regimental Association

16. Shaping the Memory: Writing the History

Epilogue: The Survivors of Time

Acronyms

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Editorial Reviews

"As Cilella explores in this book, the common soldiers of the regiment offer a remarkable look at the ordeal of the conflict."—Army History

"A complex and very valuable work for anyone with an interest in the Civil War, the soldier’s experience of war, and the veteran."—New York Military Affairs Symposium

"One of the most detailed, scholarly treatments of a volunteer Civil War regiment ever produced. . . . A distinguished contribution to the regimental history shelf in particular and Civil War literature in general."—Blue & Gray Magazine

"A rich portrait of one of the war’s more celebrated regiments. . . . This is an important piece of scholarship that deserves the attention of any serious student of the American Civil War."*—Journal of Military History

"This is a veritable tour de force of lucid prose and primary source research that raises the bar significantly for future regimental histories. . . . The author mined the letters and diaries of over 120 of the regiment’s members in order to tell their tale. And what a story it is! . . . A first-rate work that should appeal to anyone with an interest in regimentals in general and New York units in particular. Highly recommended."—Civil War News

"This detailed and thoroughly researched tome is narrative history at its finest. . . . This monumental work is sure to be the standard reference on the 121st New York Infantry for the foreseeable future."—New York History

"One of the most complete Civil War regimental histories to come down the pike in quite some time. It is reminiscent of the turn of the century unit histories that were written by the veterans themselves in terms of size and scope. ... Cilella utilizes the letters, diaries, and memoirs of over one hundred and twenty officers and enlisted men from Otsego and Herkimer counties in upstate New York to tell the fascinating story of men at war; their thoughts and opinions on just about every subject that is germane to them, from local gossip to their reasons for fighting in the first place.... Cilella uses a good mix of narrative and contemporary sources to create a compelling story of the experiences of the common citizen soldier in the Civil War. This is a must read for anyone interested in the period."—The Past in Review

"Narrative history at its finest. . . . This monumental work is sure to be the standard history of the 121st New York Infantry for the foreseeable future."The Freeman’s Journal

"Few are the new regimental histories of the Civil War that go much beyond battlefield actions and the casualties list. Cilella presents this upstate New York units history from the men’s point of view, from recruitment to discharge and beyond. Using diaries and letters, we get not only the story of their extensive role in 25 engagements of the Civil War, but also the soldiers views of just about everything slavery, politics, family, the officers who led them, and their friends who served beside them expressed either around the campfire or in a letter. A throwback to the regimental histories compiled in the 19th century but with even more attention to the men on the ground, this is a very readable and informative volume; highly recommended."—Library Journal (starred review)

“This is an evocative, engaging, and often exciting portrait of a regiment that has been probed by historians before—but never with such a fine brew of deep scholarship and skillful writing, and never with such perception about not only military life, but also the political and social forces behind the lines. Salvatore Cilella has made a unique and highly readable contribution to Civil War literature.”—Harold Holzer, Co-chairman, U.S. Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission

“In a powerful and moving narrative, Cilella examines the men who served in the 121st New York infantry, from their rural backgrounds through vigorous warfare. This well documented study also explores how the survivors, only one-fourth of those who joined up, lived after the war. This book not only takes its place among the best of regimental histories, it serves as a model for the kinds of studies needed to understand the transformation of a war to preserve the union to one committed to a new birth of freedom.”—Orville Vernon Burton, author of The Age of Lincoln

“Cilella provides a remarkably full account of the 121st’s soldiers and their circumstances as they enlist, train, march off, and experience three years of the Civil War. His research on their experiences and attitudes is impressive, even amazing. Well written, informative, and analytical, it’s everything an excellent regimental history should be. I strongly recommend it.”—Steven Woodworth, author of Nothing But Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861–1865

“Cilella wonderfully captures the experience of the common man in the Civil War as represented by those who were part of the campaigns of New York’s 121st Infantry.”—D. Stephen Elliott, President and CEO, New York State Historical Association and The Farmers’ Museum

From the Publisher

Few are the new regimental histories of the Civil War that go much beyond battlefield actions and the casualties list. Cilella (president, Atlanta Historical Soc.) presents this upstate New York unit's history from the mens' point of view, from recruitment to discharge and beyond. Using diaries and letters, we get not only the story of their extensive role in 25 engagements of the Civil War, but also the soliders' views of just about everything—slavery, politics, family, the officers who led them, and their friends who served beside them—expressed either around the campfire or in a letter. A throwback to the regimental histories compiled in the 19th century but with even more attention to the men on the ground, this is a very readable and informative volume; highly recommended.

Library Journal