Table of Contents
PART 1: Concepts
1. Thinking about Values
1.1 Value-Focused Thinking
1.2 Creating Alternatives
1.3 Identifying Decision Opportunities
1.4 Thinking about Values
1.5 The Uses of Value-Focused Thinking
2. The Framework of Value-Focused Thinking
2.1 Framing a Decision Situation
2.2 Fundamental Objectives
2.3 The Decision Context
2.4 Guiding Strategic Thinking and Action
2.5 The Framework
2.6 Comparing Alternative-Focused and Value-Focused Thinking
2.7 Ethics and Value Neutrality
Part 2: Foundations
3. Identifying and Structuring Objectives
3.1 Identifying Objectives
3.2 Identifying Fundamental Objectives
3.3 Structures of Objectives
3.4 How to Structure Objectives
3.5 Desirable Properties of Fundamental Objectives
3.6 Relating Objectives Hierarchies and Objectives Networks
3.7 Incomplete Objectives Hierarchies and Networks
3.8 Objectives Hierarchies for Groups
4. Measuring the Achievement of Objectives
4.1 The Concept of an Attribute
4.2 The Types of Attributes
4.3 Developing Constructed Attributes
4.4 Use of Proxy Attributes
4.5 Desirable Properties of Attributes
4.6 The Decision of Selecting Attributes
4.7 Connecting Decision Situations with Attributes
5. Quantifying Objectives with a Value Model
5.1 Building a Value Model
5.2 Multiple-Objective Value Models
5.3 Single-Objective Value Models
5.4 Prioritizing Objectives
5.5 The Art of Assessing Value Models
5.6 Issues to Consider in Value Assessments
Part 3: Uses
6. Uncovering Hidden Objectives
6.1 Insights from Attributes
6.2 Insights from Violations of Independence Assumptions
6.3 Insights from Value Tradeoffs
6.4 Insights from Single-Attribute Objective Functions
6.5 Insights from Multiple Value Assessments
7. Creating Alternatives for a Single Decisionmaker
7.1 Counteracting Cognitive Biases
7.2 Use of Objectives
7.3 Use of Strategic Objectives
7.4 Focus on High-Value Alternatives
7.5 Use of Evaluated Alternatives
7.6 Generic Alternatives
7.7 Coordinated Alternatives
7.8 Process Alternatives
7.9 Removing Constraints
7.10 Better Utilization of Resources
7.11 Screening to Identify Good Alternatives
7.12 Alternatives for a Series of Similar Decisions
8. Creating Alternatives for Multiple Decisionmakers
8.1 Pleasing Other Stakeholders
8.2 Stakeholder Influence on Your Consequences
8.3 Clarifying Stakeholder Values for Group Decisions
8.4 Creating Alternatives for Negotiations
9. Identifying Decision Opportunities
9.1 Use of Strategic Objectives
9.2 Use of Resources Available
9.3 A Broader Decision Context
9.4 Monitoring Achievement
9.5 Establishing a Process
9.6 Negotiating for Your Side and for the Other Side
9.7 Being in the Right Place at the Right Time
9.8 When You Have No Idea about What to Do
10. Insights for the Decisionmaking Process
10.1 Guiding Information Collection
10.2 Evaluating Alternatives
10.3 Interconnecting Decisions
10.4 Improving Communication
10.5 Facilitating Involvement in Multiple-Stakeholder Decisions
10.6 Guiding Strategic Thinking
Part 4: Applications
11. Selected Applications
11.1 NASA Leadership in Space
11.2 Transporting Nuclear Waste
11.3 Research on Climate Change
11.4 Air Pollution in Los Angeles
11.5 Design of Integrated Circuit Testers
11.6 Collaborating on a Book
12. Value-Focused Thinking at British Columbia Hydra
12.1 Identification and Structuring of the Strategic Objectives
12.2 First Revision of the Strategic Objectives and the Preliminary Attributes
12.3 Current Version of the Strategic Objectives and Attributes
12.4 The Quantitative Value Assessment
12.5 Insights from the Value Assessment
12.6 Decision Opportunities
13. Value-Focused Thinking for My Decisions
13.1 Strategic Objectives for Life
13.2 Guiding Involvement in Professional Activities
13.3 Decisions about Health and Safety
13.4 Professional Decisions
13.5 Personal Decisions
13.6 Value-Focused Thinking and You
References
Index of Applications and Examples
General Index