Table of Contents
Preface v
Chapter 1 Cylindrical Vector Beams Qiwen Zhan 1
1 Introduction 1
2 Mathematical description of cylindrical vector beams 2
3 Graphical representation of cylindrical vector beams 4
4 Generation of cylindrical vector beams 7
4.1 Passive generation methods in free space 7
4.2 Passive generation methods using optical fiber 11
4.3 Active generation methods 13
5 Cylindrical vector beams under high NA focusing 16
6 Summary 23
References 24
Chapter 2 Vector Optical Fields and their Novel Effects Hui-Tian Wang 27
1 Introduction 27
2 Generation of vector optical fields 29
2.1 Local linearly polarized vector fields 33
2.2 Hybridiy polarized vector fields 40
3 Novel effects 45
3.1 Optical cages 45
3.2 Axial-symmetry broken vector fields 51
3.3 Young's two-slit interference 57
3.4 Optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) 63
4 Summary 68
References 69
Chapter 3 Cylindrical Vector Beams for Spectroscopic Imaging of Single Molecules and Nanoparticles Regina Jäger Anna M. Chizhik Alexey I. Chizhik Frank Wackenhut Alfred J. Meixner 73
1 Introduction 73
2 Theoretical background 75
3 Instrumentation 86
4 Fluorescence spheres to probe the quality of CVBs 88
5 Single molecules 89
6 Single nanoparticles 103
6.1 Single SiO2 nanoparticles 103
6.2 Single silicon nanocrystals 106
6.3 Excitation isotropy of single CdSe/ZnS quantum dots 108
6.4 Optical characterization of single gold nanorods 111
7 Orientation and position determination of a single quantum emitter inside an optical microcavily 113
8 Conclusions 118
References 118
Chapter 4 Comprehensive Focal Field Engineering with Vectorial Optical Fields Weibin Chen Qiwen Zhan 125
1 Introduction 126
2 Three-dimensional focus shaping with CV beams 127
3 Three-dimensional polarization control within focal volume 133
4 Spherical spot with controllable 3D polarization 141
5 Focus shaping through inverse dipole array radiation 146
5.1 High purity optical needle field 147
5.2 3D optical tube, flattop focus and optical chain 153
6 Conclusions 157
References 157
Chapter 5 Plasmonics with Vectorial Optical Fields Guanghao Rui Qiwen Zlian 161
1 Surface plasmon polaritons 161
2 Interaction of vectorial fields with plasmonic structures 164
2.1 Planar metallic thin film 164
2.2 Bull's eye structures 169
2.3 Extraordinary optical transmission with radial polarization 177
2.4 Polarization mode matching and optimal plasmonic focusing 181
2.5 Archimedes' spiral plasmonic lens 182
2.6 Applications in near-field optical probe designs 191
3 Conclusions 198
References 199
Chapter 6 Optical Measurement Techniques Utilizing Vectorial Optical Fields Qiwen Than 201
1 Introduction 201
2 Manipulation techniques for vectorial optical fields 202
3 Microellipsometer with rotational symmetry 206
3.1 Microellipsometer with rotational symmetry 206
3.2 Nulling microellipsometer with rotational symmetry 211
4 Radial polarization interferometer 214
5 Rapid mueller matrix polarimetry 216
6 Atomic spin analyzer 217
7 Summary 218
References 219
Chapter 7 Partially Coherent Vector Beams: From Theory to Experiment Yangjian Cat Fei Wang Chengliang Zhao Shijun Zhu Gaofeng Wu Yiming Dong 221
1 Introduction 221
2 Characterizations of partially coherent vector beams 223
3 Partially coherent vector beams with uniform state of polarization: theory 227
3.1 Partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam 227
3.2 Tensor method for treating the paraxial propagation of partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam 229
3.3 Statistics properties of a partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam in a Gaussian cavity 232
3.4 Propagation of a partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam in turbulent atmosphere 235
3.5 Coincidence fractional Fourier transform with a partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell- model beam 240
3.6 Degree of paraxialily of a partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam 244
4 Partially coherent vector beams with uniform stale of polarization: experiment 247
4.1 Experimental generation and measurement of a partially coherent electromagnetic beam 247
4.2 Experimental coupling of a partially coherent electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam into a single-mode optical fiber 251
5 Partially coherent vector beams with non-uniform state of polarization: theory 254
5.1 Cylindrical vector partially coherent beam and its paraxial propagation 255
5.2 Tight focusing properties of a partially coherent azimuthally polarized beam 259
6 Partially coherent vector beams with non-uniform state of polarization: experiment 265
7 Summary 268
References 269
Index 275
