Vitamins and Hormones

by Elsevier Science

Overview

First published in 1943, Vitamins and Hormones is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. In the early days of the Serial, the subjects of vitamins and hormones were quite distinct. Now, new discoveries have proved that several of the vitamins function as hormones and many of the substances inferred by the title of the Serial function in signal transduction processes. Accordingly, the Editor-in-Chief has expanded the scope of the serial to reflect this newer understanding of function-structure relationships in cellular communication. The newly modified Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology and enzyme mechanisms.
Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, Vitamins and Hormones continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780080866499
Publisher:	Elsevier Science
Publication date:	12/10/1996
Series:	ISSN , #52
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	202
File size:	4 MB

About the Author

Dr. Litwack has authored 3 textbooks on biochemistry and hormones (one with John Wiley&Sons and 2 with Academic Press/Elsevier) and he has edited more than 70 volumes in the Vitamins&Hormones series (Academic Press/Elsevier); he has edited 14 volumes entitled Biochemical Actions of Hormones (Academica Press); He has edited (with David Kritchevsky) Actions of Hormones on Molecular Processes (Academic Press)

Table of Contents

	Contributors	xv
	Preface	xix
1	Reinterpretation of Basal Glucocorticoid Feedback: Implications to Behavioral and Metabolic Disease
I.	Glucocorticoid Hormones and a New Hypothesis of Glucocorticoid Feedback	2
II.	Basal Glucocorticoid Feedback	4
III.	What do Studies Using MR and GR Antagonists Tell Us about Glucocorticoid Feedback?	7
IV.	CNS Lesion Studies and Presumed Sites of Glucocorticoid Feedback	9
V.	Brain Exposure to Glucocorticoids: Feedback Sites Revealed?	10
VI.	Acute Stress and Glucocorticoid Feedback	11
VII.	Chronic Stress, the HPA Axis, and Energy Balance: Glucocorticoids Feed Back to Stimulate CRF Pathways and the HPA Axis	11
VIII.	Glucocorticoids, the HPA Axis, and Energy Balance	13
IX.	Feeding Restores Energy Balance and Blunts HPA, CRF, and Behavioral Responses to Stress	15
X.	Reinterpretation of Basal Glucocorticoid Feedback: A Glucocorticoid-Metabolic-Brain Feedback Axis?	18
XI.	Implications of the Glucocorticoid-Metabolic-Brain Feedback Axis	20
	References	23
2	Activation of the Ligand-Mineralocorticoid Receptor Functional Unit by Ancient, Classical, and Novel Ligands. Structure-Activity Relationship
I.	Introduction	32
II.	The Nuclear Receptor Superfamily	34
III.	Steroid Receptors	36
IV.	The Mineralocorticoid Effect	37
V.	Structure-Activity Relationship for the Mineralocorticoid Effect	40
VI.	Limitations of the Model	45
VII.	Progesterone and Progesterone Derivatives	46
VIII.	Extra-Adrenal Mineralocorticoid Agonists	49
IX.	A Novel Synthetic Mineralocorticoid--11, 19-Oxidoprogesterone	50
X.	Ligand-Dependent Cytoplasmic Trafficking of the MR	52
XI.	Redox Milieu Regulates Ligand Binding to the MR and Receptor Bioavailability	56
XII.	Envoy	58
	References	62
3	Reciprocal Regulation and Integration of Signaling by Intracellular Calcium and Cyclic GMP
I.	Introduction	70
II.	Regulation of [Ca superscript 2 + subscript i] by cGMP	70
III.	Regulation of [cGMP subscript i] by Ca[superscript 2+]	74
IV.	Cyclic GMP-Calcium Signaling and Cellular Physiology	79
V.	Conclusions	87
	References	88
4	Unusual Guanylyl Cyclases and cGMP Signaling in Dictyostelium Discoideum
I.	Introduction	96
II.	cGMP Targets	97
III.	cGMP Phosphodiesterases	99
IV.	Guanylyl Cyclases	100
V.	Desensitization of cGMP Response	107
VI.	Translocation of sGC to the Membrane	109
VII.	Phylogeny of the cGMP Pathway	110
VIII.	Conclusions and Future Perspectives	111
	References	111
5	CRH, Stress and Major Depression: A Psychobiological Interplay
I.	Major Depression: Clinical Characteristics and Etiology	119
II.	CRH, the HPA Axis, and Stress	121
III.	Major Depression and the HPA Axis	124
IV.	HPA Axis, MDD, and Genetics	132
V.	Early Trauma and HPA Axis Development	140
VI.	Conclusion	142
	References	143
6	Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: Structure, Expression, and Signaling Transduction
I.	Introduction	152
II.	GnRH Receptors Belong to the Family of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors	153
III.	GnRH Receptors Possess Unique Features	156
IV.	GnRH Receptor is Expressed in Extrapituitary Tissues and Various Tumors	159
V.	Multiple Transcripts of GnRH Receptor are Present in Human Pituitary and Tumors	160
VI.	GnRH Analogues Suppress Tumor Growth	161
VII.	Structure of the GnRH Receptor	163
VIII.	Nonmammalian GnRH Receptors Differ from Mammalian GnRH Receptors	167
IX.	Mammalian GnRH-II Receptor (Type II Receptor) Contains C-Terminal Domain	168
X.	GnRH-II Stimulates FSH and LH Secretion by Activating GnRH-I Receptors	171
XI.	GnRH Receptor Mutations in Patients with Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism	172
XII.	GnRH Mediates its Functions through Multiple Signaling Pathways	174
XIII.	GnRH Regulates Expression of a Large Number of Downstream Signaling Genes	179
	References	191
7	Familial Growth Hormone Deficiency and Mutations in the GHRH Receptor Gene
I.	Introduction	210
II.	The GHRH Receptor and its Gene	212
III.	Mutations in the GHRHR Gene	213
IV.	Clinical, Hormonal, and Radiological Phenotype of Patients with Bi-Allelic GHRHR Mutations	215
V.	Hormonal and Radiological Phenotype of Heterozygous Carriers	217
VI.	Conclusions	217
	References	218
8	The Roles of Phospholipase C-[gamma]1 and Actin-binding Protein Filamin A in Signal Transduction of the Insulin Receptor
I.	Introduction	222
II.	Insulin Receptor Sequence and Structure Analysis	222
III.	PLC[gamma]1 and Insulin Signaling	229
IV.	Filamin A and Insulin Signaling	235
V.	Conclusions	240
	References	241
9	Regulation of Expression of the NA[superscript +]/H[superscript +] Exchanger by Thryoid Hormone
I.	Introduction	250
II.	Psychological Significance of NHE1	251
III.	Na[superscript +]/H[superscript +] Exchanger Basic Structure	254
IV.	General Aspects of Regulation of Expression of NHE1	255
V.	Initial Studies on Cloning and Characterization of the Mouse NHE1 Promoter	256
VI.	Regulation of NHE1 by Thyroid Hormone	257
VII.	Summary and Future Directions	261
	References	262
10	Plasma Retinol-Binding Protein: Structure and Interactions with Retinol, Retinoids, and Transthyretin
I.	Introduction	272
II.	High-Resolution Structure of Retinol-Binding Protein in Complex with Retinol	276
III.	Structure of Apo Retinol-Binding Protein	281
IV.	Structure of Retinol-Binding Protein in Complex with Retinoids	283
V.	Structure of the Retinol-Binding Protein-Transthyretin Complex	287
VI.	Summary and Conclusions	291
	References	292
11	Role of Magnesium, Coenzyme Q[subscript 10], Riboflavin, and Vitamin B[subscript 12] in Migraine Prophylaxis
I.	Introduction	298
II.	Magnesium	300
III.	Coenzyme Q[subscript 10]	301
IV.	Riboflavin	302
V.	Vitamin B[subscript 12] and Homocysteine	303
VI.	Conclusions	307
	References	308
	Index	313

Editorial Reviews

2 Stars from Doody

This is a set of reviews from a well established series. "The purpose is to provide topics on vitamins and hormones for clinical investigators in these areas. "This book is intended for molecular biologists and endocrinologists. "A number of topics are covered, including micronutrients, nitric oxide (currently a busy molecule), aldosteronism, thioredoxin and endocrine responses, cGMP and natriuretic peptide receptors, angiotensinogen gene expression, steroid dehydrogenase, and the possible non-genomic effects of steroid receptors. "This volume follows what some may see as an older tradition of reviewing a broad range of topics rather than focusing in greater depth in a single area. Nonetheless, except for the material on micronutrients, the topics can be gathered under the general headings of regulation of gene expression — a broad umbrella. The standard of coverage is high, the articles generally clear, and all have valuable bibliographies. This volume should be in medical libraries and the personal collection of investigators working in areas covered.

Eugene A. Davidson