Vold's Theoretical Criminology / Edition 6 available in Hardcover
Vold's Theoretical Criminology / Edition 6
- ISBN-10:
- 0195386418
- ISBN-13:
- 9780195386417
- Pub. Date:
- 04/14/2009
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- ISBN-10:
- 0195386418
- ISBN-13:
- 9780195386417
- Pub. Date:
- 04/14/2009
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Vold's Theoretical Criminology / Edition 6
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Overview
Coupled with new, student-friendly features, the sixth edition features expanded discussions of: empirical research within specific theories; the "biosocial" approach; theoretical explanations for gendered differences in crime; low self-control and the general theory of crime; Control Balance Theory; and General Strain Theory. In addition, the text covers such new topical areas as Lonnie Athens's Theory of "Violentization;" Agnew's General Theory; Zimbardo's "Lucifer Effect;" the Cambridge Youth Violence Study; and Coercion and Social Support. Offering improved pedagogyincluding new Key Terms lists and end-of-chapter Discussion Questionsthis new edition also presents additional material on policy implications.
Product Details
ISBN-13: | 9780195386417 |
---|---|
Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
Publication date: | 04/14/2009 |
Edition description: | Older Edition |
Pages: | 384 |
Product dimensions: | 6.30(w) x 9.30(h) x 1.10(d) |
About the Author
Jeffrey B. Snipes is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice Studies at San Francisco State University.
Alexander L. Gerould is a full-time faculty member in the Criminal Justice Studies Department at San Francisco State University.
Table of Contents
Preface ix
Chapter 1 Theory and Crime 1
Spiritual Explanations 1
Natural Explanations 3
Scientific Theories 4
Causation in Scientific Theories 4
Three Frames of Reference 7
Relationships Among the Three Frames of Reference 8
Key Terms 10
Discussion Questions 10
Chapter 2 Classical Criminology 14
The Social and Intellectual Background of Classical Criminology 14
Beccaria and the Classical School 16
From Classical Theory to Deterrence Research 18
Three Types of Deterrence Research 20
Rational Choice and Offending 24
Routine Activities and Victimization 26
Conclusions 28
Key Terms 28
Discussion Questions 29
Chapter 3 Biological Factors and Criminal Behavior 37
Background: Physical Appearance and Defectiveness 37
Lombroso, the "Born Criminal" and Positivist Criminology 38
Goring's Refutation of the "Born Criminal" 40
Body Type Theories 41
Family Studies 43
Twin and Adoption Studies 44
Neurotransmitters 47
Hormones 48
The Central Nervous System 49
The Autonomic Nervous System 50
Environmentally Induced Biological Components of Behavior 52
Implications and Conclusions 55
Key Terms 56
Discussion Questions 56
Chapter 4 Psychological Factors and Criminal Behavior 65
Intelligence and Crime: Background Ideas and Concepts 66
IQ Tests and Criminal Behavior 66
Delinquency, Race, and IQ 69
Interpreting the Association between Delinquency and IQ 71
Personality and Criminal Behavior 72
Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder 74
Clinical Prediction of Future Dangerousness 75
Actuarial Prediction of Later Crime and Delinquency 76
Depression and Delinquency 77
Impulsivity and Crime 78
PolicyImplications of Personality Research 81
Conclusions 82
Key Terms 83
Discussion Questions 83
Chapter 5 Crime and Poverty 93
Historical Background: Guerry and Quetelet 93
Research on Crime and Poverty: Contradictions and Disagreements 97
Crime and Unemployment: A Detailed Look at Research 99
Problems Interpreting Research on Crime and Economic Conditions 101
Implications and Conclusions 106
Key Terms 107
Discussion Questions 107
Chapter 6 Durkheim, Anomie, and Modernization 115
Emile Durkheim 116
Crime as Normal in Mechanical Societies 117
Anomie as a Pathological State in Organic Societies 120
Durkheim's Theory of Crime 123
Conclusion 127
Key Terms 128
Discussion Questions 129
Chapter 7 Neighborhoods and Crime 133
The Theory of Human Ecology 133
Research in the "Delinquency Areas" of Chicago 136
Policy Implications 139
Residential Succession, Social Disorganization, and Crime 141
Sampson's Theory of Collective Efficacy 142
Expanding Interest in Neighborhood Social Processes 146
Implications and Conclusions 147
Key Terms 148
Discussion Questions 149
Chapter 8 Strain Theories 154
Robert K. Merton and Anomie in American Society 154
Strain as the Explanation of Gang Delinquency 159
1960s Strain-Based Policies 162
The Decline and Resurgence of Strain Theories 162
Strain in Individuals 164
Strain in Societies 167
Conclusion 170
Key Terms 171
Discussion Questions 171
Chapter 9 Learning Theories 177
Basic Psychological Approaches to Learning 178
Sutherland's Differential Association Theory 179
Research Testing Sutherland's Theory 182
The Content of Learning: Cultural and Subcultural Theories 184
The Learning Process: Social Learning Theory 189
Athens's Theory of "Violentization" 191
Implications 193
Conclusions 194
Key Terms 195
Discussion Questions 196
Chapter 10 Control Theories 203
Early Control Theories: Reiss to Nye 203
Matza's Delinquency and Drift 206
Hirschi's Social Control Theory 208
Assessing Social Control Theory 211
Gottfredson and Hirschi's A General Theory of Crime 213
Assessing Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory 214
Implications and Conclusions 218
Key Terms 219
Discussion Questions 220
Chapter 11 The Meaning of Crime 226
The Meaning of Crime to the Self: Labeling Theory 227
The Meaning of Crime to the Criminal: Katz's Seductions of Crime 231
The Situational Meaning of Crime: Zimbardo's Lucifer Effect 233
The Meaning of Crime to the Larger Society: Deviance and Social Reaction 235
State Power and the Meaning of Crime: Controlology 237
Implications and Conclusions 239
Key Terms 240
Discussion Questions 240
Chapter 12 Conflict Criminology 246
Early Conflict Theories: Sellin and Vold 247
Conflict Theories in a Time of Conflict: Turk, Quinney, and Chambliss and Seidman 249
Black's Theory of the Behavior of Law 253
A Unified Conflict Theory of Crime 256
Testing Conflict Criminology 258
Implications and Conclusions 261
Key Terms 262
Discussion Questions 262
Chapter 13 Marxism and Postmodern Criminology 267
Overview of Marx's Theory 268
Marx on Crime, Criminal Law, and Criminal Justice 269
The Emergence of Marxist Criminology 271
Marxist Theory and Research on Crime 272
Overview of Postmodernism 275
Postmodern Criminology 277
Conclusion 279
Key Terms 280
Discussion Questions 280
Chapter 14 Gender and Crime 287
The Development of Feminist Criminology 287
Schools of Feminist Criminology 289
Gender in Criminology 291
Why are Women's Crime Rates So Low? 293
Why are Men's Crime Rates So High? 295
Conclusions 298
Key Terms 299
Discussion Questions 299
Chapter 15 Developmental Theories 305
The Great Debate: Criminal Careers, Longitudinal Research, and the Relationship Between Age and Crime 306
Criminal Propensity Versus Criminal Career 308
The Transition to Developmental Criminology 311
Three Developmental Directions 314
Thornberry's Interactional Theory 314
Sampson and Laub's Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control 316
Tremblay's Developmental Origins of Physical Aggression 319
Conclusions 320
Key Terms 321
Discussion Questions 321
Chapter 16 Integrated Theories 327
Elliott's Integrated Theory of Delinquency and Drug Use 327
The Falsification versus Integration Debate 329
Braithwaite's Theory of Reintegrative Shaming 330
Tittle's Control Balance Theory 332
Coercion and Social Support 335
Bernard and Snipes's Approach to Integrating Criminology Theories 337
Agnew's General Theory 340
Conclusion 341
Key Terms 342
Discussion Questions 342
Chapter 17 Assessing Criminology Theories 346
Science, Theory, Research, and Policy 346
Individual Difference Theories 348
Structure/Process Theories 354
Theories of the Behavior of Criminal Law 360
Conclusion 364
Index 367