Table of Contents
Preface xiAcknowledgments xv
1 Introduction 11.1 using a More Robust Model 21.2 Developing the Stream Reaeration Coefficient 41.3 Post Auditing the Water Quality Response – A Bigger Picture 41.4 New Horizon in Water Quality Modeling 61.5 It is the Modeling Skills and Data, Not the Model, That Matters 7
2 Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) 82.1 Evolution of Water Quality Modeling in Water Pollution Control 82.2 What Is a TMDL? 92.3 Water Quality Endpoints for TMDLs 112.4 Water Quality Modeling for TMDL 132.5 A TMDL Modeling Study 15
3 Derivation of Mass Transport Coefficients 213.1 One-Dimensional Advective Transport in Streams, Rivers, and Estuaries 223.2 One-Dimensional Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient 303.3 Lateral Dispersion Coefficient in Rivers and Estuaries 343.4 Vertical Diffusion Coefficient 363.5 Two-Dimensional Vertically Integrated Mass Transport 433.6 Two-Dimensional Longitudinal/Vertical Mass Transport 443.7 Need a Hydrodynamic Model? 613.8 Linking a Hydrodynamic Model with a Water Quality Model 68
4 Derivation of Kinetic Coefficients 71
4.1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand and CBOD Ratio 724.2 Nitrification in Wastewater and Receiving Water 844.3 Reaeration Coefficient 894.4 Saturation Dissolved Oxygen Level 984.5 Sediment Oxygen Demand 994.6 Phytoplankton and Dissolved Oxygen 1034.7 Dissolved Oxygen Impact 1094.8 Phytoplankton/Nutrient Kinetics 1104.9 Modeling Sediment Diagenesis Processes 1194.10 Calibrating the Nutrient/Eutrophication Kinetics 1244.11 Post Audit of BOD and Eutrophication Models 1255 Computational Tools and Accessories 130
5.1 Computer Hardware and Capability 1305.2 Modeling Frameworks and FORTRAN Compiler 1325.3 Geographical Information System 1335.4 Post Processing and Visualization 136
6 Using the Stream and QUAL2E Models 143
6.1 Equations Behind the Stream Model 1446.2 Implementing the Governing Equation in STREAM Code 1456.3 STREAM Model Input Structure 1466.4 Application of STREAM to Rock Creek 1496.5 Application of STREAM to the Roanoke River 1586.6 Application of the QUAL2E Model to the Blackstone River 172
7 Using the WASP and Eutro Models 188
7.1 The WASP Model 1887.2 Key Attributes 1897.3 Mass Transport Modeling Applications 1927.4 Water Quality Modeling Application 2217.5 Numerical Tagging 2417.6 Modeling Sediment-Water Interactions 2527.7 Incorporating Nonpoint Source Loads 2577.8 Linking a Hydrodynamic Model with the WASP/EUTRO model 2617.9 Summary Remarks 268
8 Using the HAR03 Model 2708.1 Model Capabilities 2708.2 Input Data Structure and Model Configuration 2718.3 Near-Field Mixing Zone Modeling 2758.4 Modeling Mixing Zone in the James River Using HAR3 2818.5 Far-Field Modeling 2918.6 Summary 313
References and Further Readings 314About the Author 325Index 327