Watertown Arsenal

by Alan R. Earls

Overview

In 1988, the U.S. Base Realignment and Closure Commission announced the closure of the Army Materials Technology Laboratory in Watertown, the last remnant of the famous Watertown Arsenal, which served the country from shortly after the War of 1812, through two world wars and much of the Cold War. Known for its contribution to the development of some of the most powerful artillery ever made, including the famed "atomic cannon," the Watertown Arsenal also earned a reputation in other ways. In the early 1900s, it hosted famous efficiency experts, such as Frederick Winslow Taylor. Later it pioneered important advances in materials science and stood as a vital regional institution that employed generations of people from the Boston area. Along the way it hosted many famous visitors, including Franklin D. Roosevelt and Gen. Douglas MacArthur.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780738549453
Publisher:	Arcadia Publishing SC
Publication date:	04/18/2007
Series:	Images of America Series
Pages:	128
Product dimensions:	6.50(w) x 9.25(h) x 0.31(d)

About the Author

Alan R. Earls is a Massachusetts-based business and technology journalist. He has been a guest curator at the Charles River Museum of Industry in Waltham and is author or coauthor of five other Arcadia titles: Route 128 and the Birth of the Age of High Tech, Digital Equipment Corporation, U.S. Army Natick Laboratories, Raytheon: The First Sixty Years, and Polaroid.

Editorial Reviews

Publication: Wicked Local
Article Title: Exhibit at Watertown Free Public Library chronicles women's work in time of war
Author: Alan Earls
Date: 11/5/2008

In times past, but for a few prominent exceptions, such as Molly Pitcher in the American Revolution, women did not participate in military combat. Instead, they often took over roles on the "home front" traditionally reserved for men.
The role of women in support of national war efforts is the focus of an exhibit throughout the November at the T. Ross Kelly Family Gallery of the Watertown Free Library. Titled, "Yes They Can!," the exhibit of historic images showcases the lives and times of the Women of Watertown Arsenal, and other local employers, through a series of photographs selected by Alan R. Earls, from his Arcadia Publishing photo-history books, "Watertown Arsenal and Raytheon: the First 60 Years."
"Although the photographers are anonymous, many of the images are reminiscent of those crafted by famed photographer Lewis W. Hines," said Earls. Those photos capture the hard work and occasional triumphs of daily life in an industrial setting traditionally dominated by men and primarily span the period of World War I and World War II.
Although women were employed by the Arsenal as far back as the American Civil War — they represented more than 10 percent of the 800 employees at the time, according to historical records — and many more worked during World War I, it was in the Second World War, the age of Rosie the Riveter, that their numbers and influence really grew — with total employment reaching into the thousands.
And, in a nod to the future, said Earls, "The photos from the Second World War show a more confident and diverse workforce, with women and men of all races working together in many roles."
Nationally, according to the Rosie the Riveter National Historical Site in Richmond, Calif., some 6 million women worked in defense industries and support services during World War II, including shipyards, steel mills, foundries, lumber mills, warehouses, offices, hospitals and daycare centers.
The Watertown Arsenal was operational from 1816 to 1967, initially serving primarily as a regional storage facility for military supplies. By the time of the Civil War, however, the arsenal had begun its transformation into a major facility for the design, development and manufacture of military products, particularly artillery.
Although the Arsenal faded from view after its 1967 closure, it didn't disappear. Army research activities occupied a section of the property until the late 1980s, for example, at the smaller research organizations such as the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center. Many of the buildings associated with the Arsenal have gone on to serve new and important functions as the Arsenal Mall, offices and research spaces.
The women and the Arsenal may be gone, noted Earls, paraphrasing an inscription at the Rosie the Riveter historical site, "However, we should remember that, without women, there might have been no victory in 1945."
The exhibit area is on the second floor of the library, 123 Main St., and admission is free. The T. Ross Kelly Family Gallery is open during normal library hours.

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