What the Face Reveals: Basic and Applied Studies of Spontaneous Expression Using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) / Edition 2

by Paul Ekman, Erika L. Rosenberg

Overview

While we have known for centuries that facial expressions can reveal what people are thinking and feeling, it is only recently that the face has been studied scientifically for what it can tell us about internal states, social behavior, and psychopathology. Today's widely available, sophisticated measuring systems have allowed us to conduct a wealth of new research on facial behavior that has contributed enormously to our understanding of the relationship between facial expression and human psychology. The chapters in this volume present the state-of-the-art in this research. They address key topics and questions, such as the dynamic and morphological differences between voluntary and involuntary expressions, the relationship between what people show on their faces and what they say they feel, whether it is possible to use facial behavior to draw distinctions among psychiatric populations, and how far research on automating facial measurement has progressed. The book also includes follow-up commentary on all of the original research presented and a concluding integration and critique of all the contributions made by Paul Ekman.

As an essential reference for all those working in the area of facial analysis and expression, this volume will be indispensable for a wide range of professionals and students in the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and behavioral medicine.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780195179644
Publisher:	Oxford University Press
Publication date:	04/14/2005
Series:	Series in Affective Science
Edition description:	REV
Pages:	672
Product dimensions:	9.56(w) x 6.58(h) x 1.41(d)

About the Author

Paul Ekman was a Professor of Psychology for 32 years in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of California at San Francisco. He also served as chief psychologist in the U.S. Army, Fort Dix New Jersey from 1958-1960. His interests have focused on two separate, but related topics: He originally focused on nonverbal behavior, and by the mid-60s concentrated on the expression and physiology of emotion. His other interest is interpersonal deception. His research program was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the DOD, loosely affiliated with UCSF. His many honors have included the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award of the American Psychological Association in 1991, and an honorary doctor of humane letters from the University of Chicago in 1994. Dr. Ekman retired from UCSF in 2004. He currently serves as the chairman of the board of the Institute of Analytic Interviewing and continues to consult on research and training related to emotion and deception. Erika Rosenberg is an emotions researcher, a health psychologist, and an expert in facial expression measurement. Dr. Rosenberg currently consults with a variety of academic and non-academic clients on issues related to facial behavior, teaches workshops in FACS and emotional communication, and is a Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at the University of California, Davis.

Table of Contents

Part I. Basic Research Emotion1. Is the Startle Reaction an Emotion?, iPaul Ekman, Wallace V. Friesen, Ronald C. Simons/iAfterword: Is the Startle Reaction an Emotion?, iPaul Ekman/i2. Afterword: FACS in the Study of the Latah Syndrome, iJoseph C. Hager, Paul Ekman/iiRonald C. Simons/iAfterword: Asymmetry in Facial Muscular Actions, iJoseph C. Hager/i3. Coherence Between Expressive and Experiential Systems in Emotion, iErika L. Rosenberg and Paul Ekman/iAfterword: iErika Rosenberg/i4. Will the Real Relationship between Facial Expression and Affective Experience Please Stand Up: The Case of Exhilaration, iWillibald Ruch/iAfterword: The FACS in Humor Research, iWillibald Ruch/i5. Extroversion, Alcholo, and Enjoyment, iWillibald Ruch/iAfterword: Laughter and Temperament, iWillibald Ruch/i6. Signs of Appeasement: Evidence for the Distinct Displays of Embarrassment, Amusement, and Shame, iDacher Keltner/i7. Genuine, Suppressed, and Faked Facial Behavior During Exacerbation of Chronic Low Back Pain, iKenneth D. Craig, Susan A. Hyde, Christopher J. Patrick/iAfterword: On Knowing Another's Pain, iKenneth Craig/i8. The Consistency of Facial Expressions of Pain: A Comparison Across Modalities, iKenneth M. Prkachin/iAfterword: The Consistency of Facial Expressions of Pain, iKenneth M. Prkachin/i9. Smiles When Lying, iPaul Ekman, Wallace V. Friesen, Maureen O'Sullivan/iAfterword: Smiles When Lying, iPaul Ekman/i10. Behavioral Markers and Recognizability of the Smile of Enjoyment, iMark G. Frank, Paul Ekman, Wallace V. Friesen/iAfterword: Some Thoughts on FACS. Dynamic Markers of Emotion and Baseball, iMark G. Frank/i11. Components and Recognition of Facial Expression in the Communications of Emotion by Actors, iPierre Gosselin, Gilles Kirouac, Francois Y. Dore/iAfterword: Components and Recognition of Facial Expressions in the Communication of Emotion by Actors iGilles Kirouac/i12. Differentiating Emotiom Elicited and Deliberate Emotional Facial Expression, iUrsula Hess, Robert E. Kleck/iAfterword: iUrsula Hess/i13. Japanese and American Infants' Responses to Arm Restraint, iLinda Camras, Harriet Oster, Joseph J. Campos, Kazuo Miyake, Donna Bradshaw/i14. Differential Facial Responses to Four Basic Tastes in Newborns, iDiana Rosenstein, Harriet Oster/iAfterword: Facial Expressions as a Window on Sensory Experience and Affect in Newborn Infants, iHarriet Oster/i15. All Smiles are Positive, But Some Smiles are More Positive than Others, Daniel Messinger, Alan Fogel, K Laurie DicksonAfterword: A Measure of Early Joy, iDaniel S. Messinger/i16. Signal Characteristics of Spontaneous Facial Expression: Automatic Movement in Solitary and Social Smiles, iKaren L. Schmidt, Jeffrey F. Cohn, and Yingli Tien/i17. Automated Face Analysis by Feature Point Tracking has High Concurrent Validity with Manual FACS Coding, iJeffrey F. Cohn, Adena J. Zlochower, James Lien and Takeo Kanade/i18. Towards Automatic Recognition of Spontaneous Facial Actions, iMarion Stewart Bartlett, Javier R. Movellan, Gwen Littlewort, Bjonr Braathen, Mark G. Frank and Terrance J. Sejnowski/i Afterword: The Next Generation of Automatic Facial Expression MeasurementiJavier R. Movellan, Marian Stewart Bartlett/iPart II. Applied Research19. Facial Expression in Affective Disorders, iPaul Ekman, David Matsumoto, Wallace V. Friesen/i20. Emotional Experience and Expression in Schizophrenia and Depression, iHoward Barenbaum, Thomas F. Oltmanns/i Afterword: Emotion, Facial Expression and PsychopathologyiHoward Barenbaum, Laura Niseson/i21. Interaction Regulations Used by Schizophrenic and Psychosomatic Patients; Studies on Facial Behavior in Dyadic Interactions, iEvelyne Stimer-Krause, Rainer Krause, Gunter Wagner/iAfterword: iRainer Krause/i22. Nonverbal Expression of Psychological States in Psychiatric Patients, iHeiner Ellgring/iAfterword: Nonverbal Expression of Psychological States in Psychiatric Patients, beiner Ellgring/b23. Depression and Suicide Faces, iMichael Heller, Veronique Haynal/iAfterword: Perspectives for Studies for Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, iMichael Heller, Veronique Haynal/i24. Prototypical Affective Microsequences in Psychotherapeutic Interactions, iEva Banninger-Huber/iAfterword: From PAMS to TRAPS: Investigating Guilt Feelings with FACS, iEva Banninger-Huber/i25. Facial Expressions of Emotion and Psychopathology in Adolescent Boys, iDacher Keltner, Terrie E. Moffitt, Magda Stouthamer-Loeber/iAfterword: Facial Expression, Personality, and Psychopathology, iDacher Keltner/i26. Type A Behavior Pattern: Facial Behavior and Speech Components, iMargaret A. Chesney, Paul Ekman, Wallace V. Friesen, George W. Black, Michael H.L. Hecker/iAfterword: iPaul Ekman, Erika L. Rosenberg, Margaret Chesney/i27. Linkages between Facial Expressions of Anger and Transient Myocardial Ischemia in Men with Coronary Artery Disease, iErika L. Rosenberg, Paul Ekman, Wei Jiang, Michael Babyak, R. Edward Coleman, Michael Hanson, Christopher O'Conner, Robert Waugh, James A. Blumenthal/iAfterword: iErika L. Rosenberg and Paul Ekman/i28. Effects of Smoking Opportunity on Cue-Elicited Urge: A Facial Coding Analysis, Michael A. Sayette, Joan M. Wertz, Christopher S. Martin, Jeffrey F. Cohn, Michael A. Perrott, and Jill HobelAfterword: Using FACS to Identify Contextual Factors Influencing Craving, iMichael Sayette/iConclusion: What We Have Learned by Measuring Facial Behavior

Editorial Reviews

"What the Face Reveals dramatically illustrates the value of precise measurement of facial behavior in illuminating an impressive range of issues in basic and applied research. The chapters present innovative state-of-the-art applications of facial measurement, and the commentaries by authors and editors greatly enrich the readers experience. This is affective science of the highest quality, brimming with intriguing findings and promising new directions." —Robert W. Levenson, Professor of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley and Director of the Institute of Personality and Social Research and the Berkeley Psychophysiology Laboratory

From the Publisher