Whose View of Life?: Embryos, Cloning, and Stem Cells / Edition 1

by Jane Maienschein

Overview

Saving lives versus taking lives: These are the stark terms in which the public regards human embryo research—a battleground of extremes, a war between science and ethics. Such a simplistic dichotomy, encouraged by vociferous opponents of abortion and proponents of medical research, is precisely what Jane Maienschein seeks to counter with this book. Whose View of Life? brings the current debates into sharper focus by examining developments in stem cell research, cloning, and embryology in historical and philosophical context and by exploring legal, social, and ethical issues at the heart of what has become a political controversy.

Drawing on her experience as a researcher, teacher, and congressional fellow, Jane Maienschein provides historical and contemporary analysis to aid understanding of the scientific and social forces that got us where we are today. For example, she explains the long-established traditions behind conflicting views of how life begins—at conception or gradually, in the course of development. She prepares us to engage a major question of our day: How are we, as a 21st-century democratic society, to navigate a course that is at the same time respectful of the range of competing views of life, built on the strongest possible basis of scientific knowledge, and still able to respond to the momentous opportunities and challenges presented to us by modern biology? Maienschein's multidisciplinary perspective will provide a starting point for further attempts to answer this question.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9780674017665
Publisher:	Harvard University Press
Publication date:	04/29/2005
Pages:	368
Product dimensions:	5.50(w) x 8.25(h) x 1.00(d)

About the Author

Jane Maienschein is Regents' Professor, President's Professor, and Parents Association Professor at the School of Life Sciences and Director of the Center for Biology and Society at Arizona State University. She is also Adjunct Scientist at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1. From the Beginning

2. Interpreting Embryos, Understanding Life

3. Genetics, Embryology, and Cloning Frogs

4. Recombinant DNA, IVF, and Abortion Politics

5. From Genetics to Genomania

6. Facts and Fantasies of Cloning

7. Hopes and Hypes for Stem Cells

Conclusion

Notes

Index

What People are Saying About This

Jane Maienschein has produced an invaluable book. She invites the reader to consider the question of how 'a life' has been defined from diverse viewpoints. Her rich experience as a scholar, teacher and legislative advisor makes her account essential reading for anyone interested in the social consequences of modern biology and biotechnology.

Michael S. Gazzaniga

Jane Maienschein has written a startlingly clear account of our current knowledge and anxiety about embryos, stem cells and the swirl of politics that surrounds these issues. Whose View of Life? is widely informative and yet balanced and even. This is a book that should be read by scientists, ethicists, moralists and the general public. Indeed, I hope the publishers send a free copy to each member of Congress.
— Michael S. Gazzaniga, Dean of the Faculty, Dartmouth College, and member of the President's Commission on Bioethics

Garland Allen

Jane Maienschein has produced an invaluable book. She invites the reader to consider the question of how 'a life' has been defined from diverse viewpoints. Her rich experience as a scholar, teacher and legislative advisor makes her account essential reading for anyone interested in the social consequences of modern biology and biotechnology.
— Garland Allen, Professor of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis

Jonathan Weiner

This is a wonderfully timely, sensible, and clear-headed look at the one of the most controversial issues in biomedicine today. It is just the book we would hope for from a distinguished historian of biology and medicine. Most people who have been following the story of cloning and stem cells for the last half dozen years or so--say since Dolly--have a grazing, close-up view. Whose View of Life? provides the panoramic perspective that we sorely need. How lucky we are to have Jane Maienschein to widen our horizons.
— Jonathan Weiner, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Beak of the Finch

Editorial Reviews

Jane Maienschein has produced an invaluable book. She invites the reader to consider the question of how 'a life' has been defined from diverse viewpoints. Her rich experience as a scholar, teacher and legislative advisor makes her account essential reading for anyone interested in the social consequences of modern biology and biotechnology.

Garland Allen

Maienschein brilliantly brings to the debate a variable absent in most discussions of the subject—history...[She] offers an insider's view on several fronts. A well-established academic whose field is the history of developmental biology, she is also a former Congressional fellow, and thus is well placed to deplore politicians' strategic invocation of the phrase 'sound science' to support their a priori ideological positions. Her mantra is that good ethics begin with good facts, such as the fact that differentiated cells appear and have the capacity to experience sensation only after fourteen days; that the heart beats only after twenty-two days; that organisms at birth are the product of both genes and the womb environment, which interact in an endless feedback loop; that societies have in the past drawn the line on where life begins at myriad points and will continue to do so as science and our tools shift our understanding of what life is. In short, her message is that, in a democratic pluralistic society, we must use facts and the lessons of history rather than gut instincts...to navigate a course that is respectful of competing views while rising to the challenges of biomedicine.

Times Literary Supplement - Michele Pridmore-Brown

Maienschein's historical account is both engaging and accurate.

Nature - Robert Winston

Jane Maienschein has written a startlingly clear account of our current knowledge and anxiety about embryos, stem cells and the swirl of politics that surrounds these issues. Whose View of Life? is widely informative and yet balanced and even. This is a book that should be read by scientists, ethicists, moralists and the general public. Indeed, I hope the publishers send a free copy to each member of Congress.

Michael S. Gazzaniga

The hype surrounding embryonic stem-cell research is being played out in newspaper headlines touting miracle cures and ethical crises...Amid this cacophony, reading Jane Maienschein's thoughtful book, Whose View of Life?, is a quiet pleasure...Maienschein recommends tolerance, humility, and the avoidance of 'false dichotomies' that pit science against religion, or saving the life of a sick person against taking the life of an embryo. Neither science nor religious morality alone have the answers, she argues.

Stephen Pincock

The debate in America over abortion and research with human embryos is so polarized that it is easy to forget that today's passionately held views of the intrinsic moral status of the embryo are but the latest in an ever-evolving understanding of human biology and its implications for theology and philosophy. Jane Maienschein's delightful book Whose View of Life? is a welcome reminder—and, for optimists, represents the hope—that today's intransigence might someday yield to a humbler stance by all partisans in this debate.

New England Journal of Medicine - R. Alta Charo

Jane Maienschein's engaging new book Whose View of Life? offers a historical perspective on the current debates over human embryo research. Maienschein's aim is to reveal the ways in which our understanding of what defines the beginning of a human life has been contested and has undergone transformation through the centuries. Her concise, elegant, and sweeping overview of the history of developmental biology shows how advances in science have often compelled the reformulation of questions and answers concerning the definition of when a life begins.

Journal of the American Medical Association - Andrew W. Siegel

In providing a highly readable and reliable account of the history of attempts to understand the details of animal reproduction, [the author] offers an essential background for all who wish to base their views concerning the controversial issues of cloning, stem cell research and the scientific use of human embryos on evidence rather than on a fear of the unknown...She has done her part to defend reason and evidence, and for that, she deserves the attention and admiration of citizens concerned with the future of science in the United States.

Metapsychology Online - Hannah Hardgrave

This is a wonderfully timely, sensible, and clear-headed look at the one of the most controversial issues in biomedicine today. It is just the book we would hope for from a distinguished historian of biology and medicine. Most people who have been following the story of cloning and stem cells for the last half dozen years or so—say since Dolly—have a grazing, close-up view. Whose View of Life? provides the panoramic perspective that we sorely need. How lucky we are to have Jane Maienschein to widen our horizons.

Jonathan Weiner

In providing a highly readable and reliable account of the history of attempts to understand the details of animal reproduction, [the author] offers an essential background for all who wish to base their views concerning the controversial issues of cloning, stem cell research and the scientific use of human embryos on evidence rather than on a fear of the unknown...She has done her part to defend reason and evidence, and for that, she deserves the attention and admiration of citizens concerned with the future of science in the United States.
— Hannah Hardgrave

Metapsychology Online

The hype surrounding embryonic stem-cell research is being played out in newspaper headlines touting miracle cures and ethical crises...Amid this cacophony, reading Jane Maienschein's thoughtful book, Whose View of Life?, is a quiet pleasure...Maienschein recommends tolerance, humility, and the avoidance of 'false dichotomies' that pit science against religion, or saving the life of a sick person against taking the life of an embryo. Neither science nor religious morality alone have the answers, she argues.
— Stephen Pincock

The Lancet

Jane Maienschein's engaging new book Whose View of Life? offers a historical perspective on the current debates over human embryo research. Maienschein's aim is to reveal the ways in which our understanding of what defines the beginning of a human life has been contested and has undergone transformation through the centuries. Her concise, elegant, and sweeping overview of the history of developmental biology shows how advances in science have often compelled the reformulation of questions and answers concerning the definition of when a life begins.
— Andrew W. Siegel

Journal of the American Medical Association

Maienschein's historical account is both engaging and accurate.
— Robert Winston

Nature

The debate in America over abortion and research with human embryos is so polarized that it is easy to forget that today's passionately held views of the intrinsic moral status of the embryo are but the latest in an ever-evolving understanding of human biology and its implications for theology and philosophy. Jane Maienschein's delightful book Whose View of Life? is a welcome reminder—and, for optimists, represents the hope—that today's intransigence might someday yield to a humbler stance by all partisans in this debate.
— R. Alta Charo

New England Journal of Medicine

Maienschein brilliantly brings to the debate a variable absent in most discussions of the subject—history...[She] offers an insider's view on several fronts. A well-established academic whose field is the history of developmental biology, she is also a former Congressional fellow, and thus is well placed to deplore politicians' strategic invocation of the phrase 'sound science' to support their a priori ideological positions. Her mantra is that good ethics begin with good facts, such as the fact that differentiated cells appear and have the capacity to experience sensation only after fourteen days; that the heart beats only after twenty-two days; that organisms at birth are the product of both genes and the womb environment, which interact in an endless feedback loop; that societies have in the past drawn the line on where life begins at myriad points and will continue to do so as science and our tools shift our understanding of what life is. In short, her message is that, in a democratic pluralistic society, we must use facts and the lessons of history rather than gut instincts...to navigate a course that is respectful of competing views while rising to the challenges of biomedicine.
— Michele Pridmore-Brown

Times Literary Supplement

At what point does an embryo or fetus become "human"? This question is at the core of today's battle over stem cell research, and that battle, Maienschein believes, is central to questions about the respective roles of science and morality in a democracy. Maienschein, director of the Center for Biology and Society at Arizona State University, puts the question of when life begins in historical and philosophical context. Thomas Aquinas and other early Christian theologians followed Aristotle's view that the fetus acquired first a vegetable soul, then an animal soul and, finally, a rational soul; abortion before the rational ensoulment was not murder. For centuries, the author explains, knowledge of human development in the womb was limited to observation of miscarried or aborted fetuses or to studying animal gestation. In the mid-19th century, the science of embryology came into being, and of course only in the late 20th century were scientists able to use imaging technology such as ultrasound to watch the development of the fetus. Maienschein then moves from history to current science and policy. A former congressional science adviser, she knows how government works-and fails to work-when it comes to setting policy on complex issues like cloning. She believes that George W. Bush's 2001 decision to limit stem cell research to lines that existed at that time is shortsighted, but she presents a balanced account of the controversy. This book should be required reading for anyone trying to understand the scientific and ethical issues that will dominate medicine in the next quarter century. (Nov.) Copyright 2003 Reed Business Information.

Publishers Weekly