Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Wind Farms
Small Systems
Links
References
Energy
Philosophy
Definition of Energy and Power
Fundamentals Concerning Energy
Energy Dilemma in Light of the Laws of Thermodynamics
Exponential Growth
Use of Fossil Fuels
Nuclear
Mathematics of Exponential Growth
Lifetime of a Finite Resource
Summary
Links
References
General
Questions/Activities
Order of Magnitude Estimates
Problems
Wind Characteristics
Global Circulation
Extractable Limits of Wind Power
Power in the Wind
Wind Shear
Wind Direction
Wind Power Potential
Turbulence
Wind Speed Histograms
Duration Curve
Variations in Wind Power Potential
Wind Speed Distributions
General Comments
Links
References
Questions/Activities
Problems
Wind Resource
United States
European Union
Other Countries
Ocean Winds
Instrumentation
Data Loggers
Wind Measurement for Small Wind Turbines
Links
References
Problems
Wind Turbines
Drag Device
Lift Device
Orientation of the Rotor Axis
Description of the System
Aerodynamics
Control
Energy Production
Calculated Annual Energy
Innovative Wind Systems
Applications
Storage
Links
References
Problems
Design of Wind Turbines
Introduction
Aerodynamics
Mathematical Terms
Drag Device
Lift Device
Aerodynamic Performance Prediction
Measured Power and Power Coefficient
Construction
Evolution
Small Wind Turbines
References
Problems
Electrical
Fundamentals
Generators
Power Quality
Electronics
Lightning
Resistance Dump Load
Links
References
Problems
Performance
Measures of Performance
Windstats
Wind Farm Performance
Wake Effects
Enertech
Bergey Excel
Water Pumping
Wind-Diesel and Hybrid
Blade Performance
Comments
Links
References
Problems
Siting
Small Wind Turbines
Wind Farms
Digital Maps
Geographic Information Systems
Wind Resource Screening
Numerical Models
Micrositing
Ocean Winds
Summary
Links
References
Geographic Information Systems
Problems
Applications and Wind Industry
Utility Scale
Small Wind Turbines
Distributed Systems
Wind-Diesel
Village Power
Water Pumping
Wind Industry
Comments
Links
References
Problems
Institutional
Avoided Costs
Utility Concerns
Regulations on Installation and Operation
Environment
Politics
Incentives
Externalities
Transmission
Links
References
Problems
Economics
Factors Affecting Economics
General Comments
Economic Analysis
Life Cycle Costs
Present Worth and Levelized Costs
Externalities
Wind Project Development
Hybrid Systems
Summary
Future
Links
References
Problems
Wind Solutions
