Wolf Tracks: Popular Art and Re-Africanization in Twentieth-Century Panama

by Peter Szok

Overview

Popular art is a masculine and working-class genre, associated with Panama's black population. Its practitioners are self-taught, commercial painters, whose high-toned designs, vibrant portraits, and landscapes appear in cantinas, barbershops, and restaurants. The red devil buses are popular art's most visible manifestation. The old school buses are imported from the United States and provide public transportation in Colón and Panama City. Their owners hire the artists to attract customers with eye-catching depictions of singers and actors, brassy phrases, and vivid representations of both local and exotic panoramas. The red devils boast powerful stereo systems and dominate the urban environment with their blasting reggae, screeching brakes, horns, sirens, whistles, and roaring mufflers.

Wolf Tracks analyzes the origins of these practices, tying them to rebellious, Afro-American festival traditions, and to the rumba craze of the mid-twentieth century. During World War II, thousands of U.S. soldiers were stationed in Panama, and elaborately decorated cabarets opened to cater to their presence. These venues often featured touring Afro-Cuban musicians. Painters such as Luis "The Wolf" Evans exploited such moments of modernization to challenge the elite and its older conception of Panama as a country with little connection to Africa. While the intellectual class fled from modernization and asserted a romantic and mestizo (European-indigenous) vision of the republic, popular artists enthusiastically embraced the new influences to project a powerful sense of blackness. Wolf Tracks includes biographies of dozens of painters, as well as detailed discussions of mestizo nationalism, soccer, reggae, and other markers of Afro-Panamanian identity.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781617032448
Publisher:	University Press of Mississippi
Publication date:	06/26/2012
Series:	Caribbean Studies Series
Sold by:	Barnes & Noble
Format:	eBook
Pages:	320
File size:	8 MB

About the Author

Peter Szok is associate professor of history at Texas Christian University. He is the author of 'La Ultima Gaviota,' Liberalism and Nostalgia in Early Twentieth-Century Panama.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments Ph.D. in New Orleans ix

Introduction 3

1 From Whitening to Mestizaje: The Panamanian Official Identity, 1821-1941 16

2 Balboa Meets Anayansi, 1934 49

3 Rumba and the Rise of Black Proletariat Art, 1941-1990 74

4 "100% Prity": The Aesthetics of Panamanian Popular Art 111

5 Chombalizate: Re-Africanization of Sports, Music, and Politics, 1990-2010 138

Appendix: The Wolf Pack 162

Notes 198

Bibliography 235

Index 257

Editorial Reviews

"Peter Szok's Wolf Tracks: Popular Art and Re-Africanization in Twentieth-Century Panama is a wonderful book. The author opens up a whole new vista in Afro-Atlantic studies, with telling detail and enormous insight. Open this book and be blessed by a must-read text that puts black popular art in Panama on the map forever."

—Robert Farris Thompson, author of Tango: The Art History of Love and Aesthetic of the Cool: Afro-Atlantic Art & Music

"An informative and engaging history based on extensive field research of diasporic popular culture in one of the major crossroads of the Black Atlantic."

—George Reid Andrews, author of Afro-Latin America, 1800-2000

From the Publisher