WSO Basic Science Concepts and Application: Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations

by Nicholas G. Pizzi

Overview

For AWWA's latest textbooks for water operator education, check out our Water System Operations (WSO) products at www.awwa.org/wso.

This reference book provides information on mathematics, hydraulics, chemistry, and electricity topics that directly apply to water operator training. Also includes worked-out examples and problems that readers can use to improve their math and science skills.

Product Details

ISBN-13:	9781583217788
Publisher:	American Water Works Association
Publication date:	06/05/2010
Series:	Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations
Pages:	642
Product dimensions:	7.20(w) x 10.20(h) x 1.70(d)

Table of Contents

Foreword ix

Acknowledgments xi

Introduction xiii

Mathematics

1 Powers and Scientific Notation 3

Powers Notation 3

Scientific Notation 6

2 Dimensional Analysis 11

3 Rounding and Estimating 19

Rounding 19

Estimating 23

4 Solving for the Unknown Value 41

Equations Using Multiplication and Division 42

Equations Using Addition and Subtraction 46

5 Ratios and Proportions 49

Practical Applications 51

6 Averages 57

7 Percent 59

8 Linear Measurements 65

9 Area Measurements 69

Area of a Rectangle 70

Area of a Triangle 73

Area of a Circle 74

10 Volume Measurements 79

Rectangles, Triangles, and Circles 80

Cones and Spheres 84

11 Conversions 87

Conversion Tables 87

Box Method 88

Conversions of US Customary Units 90

Temperature Conversions 113

12 Graphs and Tables 117

Graphs 117

Tables 148

13 Per Capita Water Use 153

14 Domestic Water Use Based on Household Fixture Rates 155

15 Water Use per Unit of Industrial Product Produced 163

16 Average Daily Flow 167

17 Surface Overflow Rate 173

18 Weir Overflow Rate 177

19 Filter Loading Rate 181

20 Filter Backwash Rate 185

21 Mudball Calculation 189

22 Detention Time 191

23 Well Problems 195

Well Yield 195

Drawdown 197

Specific Capacity 199

Hydraulics

1 Density and Specific Gravity 203

Density 203

Specific Gravity 206

2 Pressure and Force 213

Pressure 213

Force 221

3 Piezometric Surface and Hydraulic Grade Line 225

Piezometric Surface 225

Hydraulic Grade Line 228

4 Head 237

Types of Head 237

Calculating Heads 240

5 Head Loss 247

Friction Head Loss 247

Minor Head Loss 258

6 Pumping Problems 263

Pumping Rates 263

Pump Heads 270

Horsepower and Efficiency 280

Reading Pump Curves 297

7 Flow Rate Problems 305

Instantaneous Flow Rate Calculations 305

Flow-Measuring Devices 318

8 Thrust Control 337

Thrust Block Calculations 339

Thrust Anchor Calculations 343

Chemistry

1 The Structure of Matter 351

Atomic Structure 351

The Periodic Table 353

2 The Classification of Matter 355

Pure Elements 355

Compounds 356

Mixtures 357

3 Valence, Chemical Formulas, and Chemical Equations 359

Valence 359

Chemical Formulas and Equations 362

4 Solutions 379

Milligrams per Liter and Grains per Gallon 380

Percent Strength 380

Moles and Molarity 387

Equivalent Weights and Normality 391

Hardness 393

Nitrogen Compounds 397

Standard Solutions 399

5 Acids, Bases, and Salts 403

Acids 403

Bases 404

Salts 405

pH 405

Alkalinity 406

6 Chemistry of Treatment Processes 409

Taste-and-Odor Removal 409

Coagulation 413

Iron and Manganese Removal 416

Lime-Soda Ash Softening 418

Recarbonation 421

Ion Exchange Softening 422

Scaling and Corrosion Control 424

Chlorination 430

7 Chemical Dosage Problems 439

Milligrams-per-Liter to Pounds-per-Day Conversions 439

Milligrams-per-Liter to Percent Conversions 447

Feed Rate Conversions 450

Calculations for Chlorine Dosage, Demand, Residual, and Contact Time 451

Lime-Soda Ash Softening Calculations 454

Recarbonation Calculations 476

Ion Exchange Softening Calculations 478

Fluoridation Calculations 483

Electricity

1 Electricity, Magnetism, and Electrical Measurements 493

Electricity and Magnetism 493

Electrical Measurements and Equipment 495

2 Electrical Quantities and Terms 499

3 Functions and Ratings of Electrical Equipment 519

Functions of Electrical Equipment 519

Rating Electrical Materials and Equipment 546

Glossary 555

Appendixes

A Conversion Tables 573

B Periodic Table and List of Elements 595

C Chemical Equations and Compounds Common in Water Treatment 603

Chemical Equations Common in Water Treatment 603

D Algae Color Plates 607

Index 617